ALIL pseudoknot

ALIL pseudoknot is an RNA element that induces frameshifting in bacteria. The expression of a minority of genes requires frameshifting to occur where the frequency of frameshifting is increased by a RNA secondary structure located on the 3' side of the shift site. This structure can be either a pseudoknot or a stem-loop and acts as a physical barrier to mRNA translocation so therefore causes ribosome pausing.[1]

ALIL pseudoknot
Secondary structure of ALIL without the pseudoknot
Identifiers
SymbolALIL
RfamRF01497
Other data
RNA typeCis-reg
Domain(s)Bacteria
PDB structuresPDBe

ALIL pseudoknot was identified though comparative analysis of the a class of transposable elements belonging to the insertion sequence 3 (IS3) family and is shown to be conserved across a number of bacteria species.[2] This pseudoknot stimulates programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (PRF-1) which in turn stimulates the express of transposase, an enzyme required for transposition. Mutagenesis and chemical probing were used to determine the secondary structure of this pseudoknot and it has been proposed that this pseudoknot is formed by interactions between an apical loop and internal loop.[3]

References
  1. Brierley I, Pennell S (2001). "Structure and function of the stimulatory RNAs involved in programmed eukaryotic-1 ribosomal frameshifting". Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 66: 233–48. doi:10.1101/sqb.2001.66.233. PMID 12762025.
  2. Kropinski AM, Farinha MA, Jansons I (March 1994). "Nucleotide sequence of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa insertion sequence IS222: another member of the IS3 family". Plasmid. 31 (2): 222–8. doi:10.1006/plas.1994.1024. PMID 8029330.
  3. Mazauric MH, Licznar P, Prère MF, Canal I, Fayet O (July 2008). "Apical loop-internal loop RNA pseudoknots: a new type of stimulator of -1 translational frameshifting in bacteria". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (29): 20421–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M802829200. PMID 18474594.
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