AP United States History

Advanced Placement (AP) United States History (also known as AP U.S. History or APUSH (/ˈeɪpʊʃ/) is a college-level course and examination offered by College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program.

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Course

The AP U.S. History course is designed to provide the same level of content and instruction that students would face in a freshman-level college survey class. It generally uses a college-level textbook as the foundation for the course and covers nine periods of U.S. history, spanning from the pre-Columbian era to the present day. The percentage indicates the exam weighting of each content area:

Period Percent
1491–1607 4–6%
1607–1754 6–8%
1754–1800 10–17%
1800–1848 10–17%
1844–1877 10–17%
1865–1898 10–17%
1890–1945 10–17%
1945–1980 10–17%
1980–present 4–6%

Textbooks

Commonly used textbooks that meet the curriculum requirements[1] include:

Conservative criticism

American conservatives have criticized the course framework for downplaying American exceptionalism and failing to foster patriotism. In 2015, a bill to replace the course framework was passed by the Oklahoma House Committee on Common Education, but later withdrawn.[2][3] The course framework was revised in 2015 in response to the criticism. In 2014, student protests in Colorado were held over plans by the Jefferson County Public Schools district board to revise the AP U.S. History curriculum to emphasize citizenship, patriotism, and respect for authority.[4]

Exam

The AP U.S. History exam lasts 3 hours and 15 minutes and consists of two sections, and Section I is divided into two parts. Section I, part A includes 55 multiple choice questions with each question containing four choices. The multiple choice questions cover American history from just before European contact with Native Americans to the present day. Questions are presented in sets of two to five questions organized around a primary source or an image (including, but not limited to, maps and political cartoons). Section I, part B includes three short-answer questions. The first two questions are required, but students choose between the third and fourth questions. In total, students are given 95 minutes (55 for the multiple choice section and 40 for three short-answer questions) to complete Section I.

Section II is the free-response section, in which examinees write two essays. Section II, part A, is a document-based question (DBQ), which provides an essay prompt and seven short primary sources or excerpts related to the prompt. Students are expected to write an essay responding to the prompt in which they utilize the sources in addition to outside information. Section II, part B, provides three thematic essay prompts. Students must respond to only one of the three essay prompts. However, in 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the AP exams were administered remotely as drastically shortened open-note exams, and the exam consisted of a single modified DBQ essay.[5]

Each long essay question on the exam may address any one of three possible historical reasoning processes: patterns of continuity and change, comparison, or causation. Each of the essay questions will address the same historical reasoning process. There is a fifteen-minute reading period for students to read the essay prompts, take notes, and brainstorm, but students may begin to write the essays before this period ends. Students will then have 100 minutes to write the two essays; 60 minutes are recommended for the DBQ and 40 minutes for the long essay, but students are free to work on the two essays as they see fit.[6]

In May 2011, the AP U.S. History exam was taken by 402,947 students worldwide,[7] making it second in terms of number of examinees, behind the AP English Language and Composition exam.[8]

Scoring

Section I is worth 60% of the total AP exam score, with 40% of the total exam score derived from the student's performance on the multiple choice section and 20% of the total exam score derived from the student's performance on the short answer questions. The remaining 40% of the total exam score is derived from section II; the document-based question is worth 25% of the total exam score, while the long essay question is worth 15% of the total exam score.[6] Since 2007, the score distributions are:

Score 2007 2008[9] 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015[10] 2016[11] 2017[12] 2018[13] 2019[14] 2020[15] 2021[16] 2022[17] 2023[18]
5 11.1% 8.5% 11.0% 11.0% 11.0% 11.8% 10.6% 11.0% 9.3% 11.7% 10.9% 10.4% 12.1% 13.0% 10.1% 10.8% 10.6%
4 19.9% 18.2% 19.5% 18.8% 20.8% 21.4% 21.5% 21.3% 17.8% 17.9% 17.9% 18.2% 18.7% 19.2% 15.9% 15.6% 14.8%
3 22.2% 21.4% 22.1% 22.9% 21.0% 21.7% 21.8% 20.1% 23.6% 22.5% 22.6% 22.5% 23.5% 26.6% 21.2% 21.9% 22.1%
2 26.2% 25.4% 25.2% 25.9% 26.7% 26.5% 27.2% 28.0% 25.0% 23.4% 23.5% 23.1% 22.0% 20.4% 21.6% 23.0% 22.7%
1 20.6% 26.5% 22.2% 21.4% 20.5% 18.6% 18.9% 19.6% 24.3% 24.5% 25.1% 25.8% 23.7% 21.0% 31.2% 28.8% 29.8%
% of Scores 3 or Higher 53.2% 48.1% 52.6% 52.7% 52.8% 54.9% 53.9% 52.4% 50.7% 52.1% 51.4% 51.1% 54.3% 58.8% 47.2% 48.2% 47.5%
Mean 2.75 2.57 2.72 2.72 2.75 2.81 2.78 2.76 2.63 2.69 2.66 2.64 2.74 2.83 2.52 2.52 2.54
Standard Deviation 1.29 1.28 1.30 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.27 1.29 1.28 1.33 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.31 1.34 1.33
Number of Students 333,562 346,641 360,173 387,416 406,086 427,796 442,890 462,766 469,689 489,281 505,302 501,530 496,573 472,697 454,204 456,520 467,975

Composite score range

The College Board has released information on the composite score range (previously out of 180) required to obtain each grade. As of 2022, the total possible composite score is 130.[19][20][21]

Final Score Range (1996) Range (2001) Range (2002) Range (2006) Range (2022)
5 117–180 114–180 115–180 111–180 97–130
4 96–116 92–113 94–114 91–110 80–96
3 79–95 74–91 76–93 76–90 63–79
2 51–78 42–73 46–75 57–75 44–62
1 0–50 0–41 0–45 0–56 0–43

The above composite score cut points from 1996 to 2006 reflect the pre-2011 grading formula, which deducted 0.25 points for every incorrect multiple choice answer.

References
  1. "AP United States History: Example Textbook List". CollegeBoard. Archived from the original on May 25, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
  2. Lerner, Adam B. (February 21, 2015). "AP U.S. History controversy becomes a debate on America -". Politico. Politico. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  3. "Oklahoma Board of Education targets US History course for being "negative"".
  4. "Hundreds of Colorado students stage protest over history curriculum". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. September 24, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  5. "AP Exam Schedule 2020 – AP Coronavirus Updates | College Board". April 22, 2020. Archived from the original on April 22, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  6. "AP US History: Course and Exam Description" (PDF). CollegeBoard. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
  7. "AP United States History Student Score Distributions Global AP Exams - May 2011" (PDF). 2011. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
  8. "AP Data – Archived Data 2011". Archived from the original on April 1, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  9. "AP Score Distributions 2008" (PDF). College Board. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  10. Total Registration. "2015 AP Exam Score Distributions". Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  11. Registration, Total. "2016 AP Exam Score Distributions". totalregistration.net. Retrieved July 1, 2016.
  12. Total Registration. "2017 AP Exam Score Distributions". totalregistration.net. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  13. "Student Score Distributions, AP Exams - May 2018" (PDF). The College Board. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
  14. "STUDENT SCORE DISTRIBUTIONS AP Exams - May 2019" (PDF). Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  15. "STUDENT SCORE DISTRIBUTIONS" (PDF). Retrieved June 9, 2021.
  16. (PDF) https://secure-media.collegeboard.org/digitalServices/pdf/research/2021/2021-ap-student-score-distributions.pdf. Retrieved July 6, 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. Total Registration (June 27, 2022). "2022 AP Exam Score Distributions". www.totalregistration.net. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  18. Total Registration (June 22, 2023). "2023 AP Exam Score Distributions". www.totalregistration.net. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  19. "AP Central". May 1, 2011. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  20. AP: The Grade-Setting Process Archived 2008-12-18 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
  21. "AP US History Score Calculator". Albert. March 1, 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
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