Abdul Husayn al-Killidar

Sayyid Abd al-Husayn Ali al-Killdar Tumah (Arabic: عبد الحسين علي الكليدار آل طعمه; 1881–March 30, 1961) was an Iraqi nobleman, author, scholar, and served as the 33rd and 37th custodian of the Imam Husayn shrine from 1900 until 1931.[1][2][3][4]

Sayyid
Abdul Husayn al-Killidar
السيد عبد الحسين الكليدار
33rd Custodian of the Imam Husayn Shrine
In office
1900–1916
Preceded byAli al-Killidar
Succeeded byAbdul Husayn A'yan
37th Custodian of the Imam Husayn Shrine
In office
1920 – May 18, 1931
Preceded byAbdul Husayn A'yan
Succeeded byAbdul Saleh al-Killidar
Personal details
Born
Abd al-Husayn Ali Jawad Tumah

1881 (1881)
Karbala, Iraq
DiedMarch 30, 1961(1961-03-30) (aged 79–80)
Karbala, Iraq
Resting placeImam Husayn Shrine

He authored a number of books on the history and culture of Karbala, including Baghiyat al-Nubala Fi Tarikh Karbala and Tarikh Al Tumah al-Musawiyeen.[5] Famous Iraqi author and laureate, Salih Shahristani writes about al-Killidar: "I would never miss a meeting with him. I would gain so much from his knowledge, literary, and mannerism".[6]

Biography

al-Killidar was born in 1881 to Ali al-Killidar (d. May 3, 1900).[7] He is from the Tumah branch of the Al Faiz family. His grandfather Jawad took on the name al-Killidar (Arabic: الكليدار) which roots from kileet (Persian: كليت) dar (Persian: دار), which translates to key holder in Persian, a name often given to those that take on the role of tending to holy shrines.[8]

He grew up and studied in Karbala and was highly influenced by the literary atmosphere that surrounded him at the time. At the age of 19, after his father, Ali passed away, he took on the responsibilities of the custodianship of the Imam Husayn shrine.

Under his term as saden, he supervised the building of the golden iwan of the shrine in 1912. He also ordered the re-plating of the cage of the shrine, with silver, after it had worn out.[9]

When Hamza Bey was appointed governor of Karbala on October 1, 1915, the relationship between the Ottoman state and the Karbalaeis had reached a bitter peak, and there was a sense of unrest in the city. This caused al-Killidar to leave Karbala for Baghdad in February 1916. Upon his departure, he was discharged from his duty as saden. This led to his first cousin, once removed, Abd al-Husayn Ayan[10] to assume the role.[11] It was until 1920, where al-Killidar was reinstated at the behest of Percy Cox, when he became High Commissioner of Iraq.[12]

In 1928, Abd al-Husayn Ayan was nominated as a member of the Iraqi senate for a second term. However his appointment letter was mistakenly sent to al-Killidar, and the error was due to the shared first name and family. So al-Killidar decided to pass down the custodianship to his eldest son Abdul-Saleh and pursue the political role, unaware of the situation. Upon reaching Baghdad, the senate realised he was not the person intended, but due to the difficult situation, they decided to admit him as a member.[13]

After his senate term, al-Killidar returned to Karbala and spent the rest of his days writing books and performing i'tikaf. Despite having passed down the sidana to his son in 1928, al-Killidar was officially discharged off his duties on May 18, 1931.[14]

Personal life

al-Killidar was married to the daughter of affluent Baghdadi merchant, Abd al-Hadi al-Astarabadi (1806–1899). He had two sons, Abd al-Saleh (who became the saden after him) and Muhammad-Kadhim.

al-Killidar's brother-in-law, Mahmoud al-Astarabadi, hid Nuri al-Said in his home, when he was wanted during the 14 July revolution. However, al-Said was compromised, and killed along with Astarabadi's wife, during their attempt to flee.[15]

al-Killidar founded a grand library in Karbala, with many books, as well as his own publications and scripts. He had some remarkable manuscripts, including a poetry collection of Sheikh Muhammad-Ali Kamona, kashkool (diary) of Mawla Muhammad-Husayn al-Isfahani, Mafatih al-Maghaliq Fi Ilm al-I'dad wal-Huroof (book on science of letters) by Mahmud Dehdar, and an original copy of ْthe grand poet, Jawad Bedget's epic. The library was burnt down during the Hamza Bey incident of 1915. Despite this, al-Killidar rebuilt the library and passed it down to his son Adul-Saleh, and it stands until this day.[16] The library was visited by notable figures such as Louis Massignon and Gertrude Bell, upon their travels to Iraq, in the early 20th century.[17][18]

Death

al-Killidar died on the night of Thursday March 30, 1961, and was buried in the south-east corner of the Husayn shrine courtyard, near the al-Raja door.[19]

Legacy

Books
  • Baghiyat al-Nubala Fi Tarikh Karbala (The Purpose of the Nobles in the History of Karbala)
  • Halat al-Arab al-Ijtima'iya Fi al-Jahiliya (The Arabs Social Status in Jahiliyyah)
  • al-Zahr al-Muqtataff Fi Akhbar al-Taff
  • Quraysh Fi al-Tarikh (Quraysh In History)
  • Nash'at al-Dawla al-Aqiliyya (The Rise of the Aqilid State)
  • Butoon Quraysh (The Core of Quraysh)
  • Nash'at al-Adyan al-Samawiya (The Rise of the Religions of the Skies)
  • Tarikh Al Tumah al-Musawiyeen (History of the Musawi Tumahs)
  • Adyan al-Arab Fi al-Jahiliya (The Religions of the Arabs in Jahiliyyah)

Students
  • Ahmed Hamed al-Sarraf - author of Umar al-Khayyam (Omar Khayyam) and al-Shabak (The Nets), as well as a previous governor of Karbala.
  • Muhammad-Husayn al-Adib - principal of al-Husayn Primary School.
  • Salman Hadi Tumah - notable author and writer.

See also

References
  1. Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1998). Asha'er Karbala Wa 'Usariha [Tribes and Families of Karbala] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Mahaja al-Baydha'. p. 149.
  2. al-Fadala, Dr. Saleh (2013). al-Jawhar al-Afeef Fi Ma'rifat al-Nasab al-Nabawi al-Sharif [The Noble Prophetic Lineage]. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah. p. 566. ISBN 9782745178664.
  3. "Al Sayyid Abd al-Husayn al-Killidar Al Tumah". Islamic and Human Education Department - Al Abbas Holy Shrine (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2017-01-16. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  4. al-Jibouri, Kaamil Salman (2003). Mu'jam al-'Udaba' Min 'Asr al-Jahili Hata Sanat 2002 [Glossary of Scholars: From the Jahiliyyah to 2002 AD] (in Arabic). Vol. 3. Beirut, Lebanon: Daar al-Kitab al-'Ilmiya. p. 335.
  5. al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din (2002). al-A'lam [The Notables] (in Arabic). Vol. 3. Dar al-'Ilm Lil Malayin. p. 278.
  6. Shahristani, Salih. Shakhsiyat Adraktuha [Personalities I came across] (in Arabic). p. 22.
  7. al-Killidar, Abd al-Husayn. Baghiyat al-Nubala Fi Tarikh Karbala (in Arabic). Baghdad, Iraq: Matba'at al-Irshad. p. 125.
  8. al-Karbassi, Ayatullah Sheikh Sadiq (1 February 2014). Tarikh al-Sidana al-Hussainiya [The History of the Custodianship of Imam Hussain's Shrine] (in Arabic). Hussaini Charitable Trust. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-908286-99-4.
  9. Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1983). Turath Karbala [Heritage of Karbala] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Mu'asasat al-A'lami lil-Matboo'at. p. 47.
  10. Abd al-Husayn bin Ahmed bin Hassan Tumah Arabic: عبد الحسين بن أحمد بن حسن آل طعمه. Also known as Abd al-Husayn Ayan (Arabic: عبد الحسين أعيان). He was appointed a member of the Iraqi senate in 1925.
  11. al-Killidar, Muhammad-Hassan. Madinat al-Husayn [City of Husayn] (in Arabic). Vol. 5. p. 238.
  12. Tumah, Muhammad-Hadi (1991). al-Kurasa al-Bahiya Fi Ahwal wa Ansab al-Sada Al Tumah al-Alawiya [The beautiful guide in the lineage of the Alid Tumah family] (in Arabic). Baghdad, Iraq.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. al-Amri, Khayr al-Din. Muqadamat wa Nata'ej [Introductions and Results] (in Arabic). Vol. 1. pp. 212–227.
  14. al-Karbassi, Ayatullah Sheikh Sadiq (1 February 2014). Tarikh al-Sidana al-Hussainiya [The History of the Custodianship of Imam Hussain's Shrine] (in Arabic). Hussaini Charitable Trust. pp. 125–26. ISBN 978-1-908286-99-4.
  15. Gaury, Gerald De (1961). Three Kings in Baghdad, 1921-1958. Hutchinson. pp. 196–97.
  16. "Maktabat al-Sayyid Abd al-Husayn al-Killidar Al Tumah" [Sayyid Abdul Husayn al-Killidar's Library]. imamhussain.org (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
  17. Ṭuʻmah, Salmān Hādī (1983). Turath Karbala [Heritage of Karbala] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Mu'asasat al-A'lami lil-Matboo'at. p. 323.
  18. "Holy Karbala". www.najaf.org (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2021-06-11. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
  19. Tumah, Salman Hadi (1996). Tarikh Marqad al-Husayn wal-Abbas alayhima al-salam [History of the shrines of Husayn and Abbas peace be upon them] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Mu'asasat al-A'lami Lil Matboo'at. p. 168.
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