Abgarid dynasty

The Abgarid dynasty was a dynasty of Nabataean Arab origin.[1][2] Members of the dynasty, the Abgarids, reigned between 134 BC and 242 AD over Edessa and Osroene in Upper Mesopotamia.[1] Some members of the dynasty bore Iranian names, while others had Arab names, including Abgar itself.[3] J.B. Segal notes that the names ending in "-u" are "undoubtedly Nabatean".[3] The Abgarid dynasts spoke "a form of Aramaic".[3]

Abgarid
CountryEdessa, Osroene
Founded134 BC
Current headExtinct
Final rulerAbgar X Frahad (only in name)
Dissolution242 AD

Following the Battle of Carrhae (53 BC), members of the dynasty pursued a broadly pro-Parthian policy for about two centuries.[3] At the turn of the 2nd century AD, the Romans turned Osroene into a Roman client state.[3] During Caracalla's reign (r. 198–217), most likely in 214, Abgar IX Severus was deposed and Osroene was incorporated as a Roman province (colonia).[3] Thereafter, Abgarid dynasts only ruled in name.[3] Abgar X Frahad, the last nominal Abgarid ruler, settled in Rome together with his wife.[3]

Kings
Kings of Edessa/Osroene
KingReignComments
Aryu132–127 BC
Abdu, son of Maz'ur127–120 BC
Fradasht, son of Gebar'u120–115 BC
Bakru I, son of Fradasht115–112 BC
Bakru II, son of Bakru112–94 BCRuled alone
Bakru II and Ma'nu I94 BCRuled together
Bakru II and Abgar I Piqa94–92 BCRuled together
Abgar I92–68 BCRuled alone
Abgar II, son of Abgar I68–53 BC
Interregnum53–52 BC
Ma'nu II52–34 BC
Paqor34–29 BC
Abgar III29–26 BC
Abgar IV Sumaqa26–23 BC
Ma'nu III Saflul23–4 BC
Abgar V Ukkama, son of Ma'nu4 BC–7 AD1st tenure
Ma'nu IV, son of Ma'nu7–13 AD
Abgar V Ukkama13–50 AD2nd tenure
Ma'nu V, son of Abgar50–57 AD
Ma'nu VI, son of Abgar57–71 AD
Abgar VI, son of Ma'nu71–91 AD
Interregnum91–109 AD
Abgar VII, son of Ezad109–116 AD
Interregnum116–118 AD
Yalur (Yalud) and Parthamaspates118–122 ADRuled together
Parthamaspates122–123 ADRuled alone
Ma'nu VII, son of Ezad123–139 AD
Ma'nu VIII, son of Ma'nu139–163 ADFirst tenure
Wa'el, son of Sahru163–165 ADInstalled by the Parthians
Ma'nu VIII, son of Ma'nu165–177 ADSecond tenure
Abgar VIII the Great, son of Ma'nu177–212 AD
Abgar IX Severus, son of Abgar212–214 ADDeposed by the Romans; Osroene incorporated as a Roman province (colonia)[4][3]
Ma'nu IX, son of Ma'nu214–240 ADRuled only in name
Abgar X Frahad, son of Ma'nu240–242 ADRuled only in name

References
  1. Ramelli 2018.
  2. Sartre 2005, p. 500.
  3. Segal 1982, pp. 210–213.
  4. Sartre 2005, p. 508.

Sources
  • Ramelli, Ilaria L.E. (2018). "Abgarids". In Hunter, David G.; van Geest, Paul J.J.; Peerbolte, Bert Jan Lietaert (eds.). Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online.
  • Sartre, Maurice (2005). "The Arabs and the desert peoples". In Bowman, Alan K.; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521301992.
  • Segal, J.B. (1982). "ABGAR". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume I/2: ʿAbd-al-Hamīd–ʿAbd-al-Hamīd. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 210–213. ISBN 978-0-71009-091-1.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.