Acamas (son of Antenor)

Acamas or Akamas
Acamas or Akamas
Lieutenant of the Dardanians
Member of the Trojan Leaders
Abode	Dardania
Battles	Trojan War
Personal information
Parents	Antenor and Theano
Siblings	Crino, Archelochus, Glaucus, Helicaon, Laodocus, Coön, Polybus, Agenor, Iphidamas, Laodamas, Demoleon, Eurymachus, Medon, Thersilochus, Antheus, Pedaeus

In Greek mythology, Acamas or Akamas (/ɑːˈkɑːmɑːs/;[1] Ancient Greek: Ἀκάμας, folk etymology: 'unwearying'[2]), was the son of Trojan elder Antenor[3][4] and Theano.[5] He participated in the Trojan War, and fought on the side of the Trojans.

Family

Acamas was the brother of Crino,[6] Agenor,[7][8] Antheus,[9] Archelochus,[10][11] Coön,[12] Demoleon,[13] Eurymachus,[14] Glaucus,[15] Helicaon,[16] Iphidamas,[17] Laodamas,[18][19] Laodocus,[20] Medon,[21] Polybus,[7][22] and Thersilochus.[21]

Mythology

Trojan War

With his brother Archelochus and his cousin Aeneas, Acamas was lieutenant of the Dardanian contingent to assist King Priam.[23] Along with Aeneas and Archelochus he led one of the five divisions attacking the Argive wall in the battle for the ships. Homer's Iliad, Book 2, describes the troops of the Dardanians and its leaders:

"The Dardanians were led by brave Aeneas, whom Aphrodite bore to Anchises, when she, goddess though she was, had lain with him upon the mountain slopes of Ida. He was not alone, for with him were the two sons of Antenor, Arkhilokhos and Akamas, both skilled in all the arts of war."[24]

While in Book 14, Acamas avenged the death of his brother, who had been killed by Ajax, by slaying Promachus the Boeotian.

"But he knew well who it was, and the Trojans were greatly vexed with grief [akhos]. Akamas then bestrode his brother's body and wounded Promakhos the Boeotian with his spear, for he was trying to drag his brother's body away. Akamas vaunted loudly over him saying, "Argive archers, braggarts that you are, toil [ponos] and suffering shall not be for us only, but some of you too shall fall here as well as ourselves. See how Promakhos now sleeps, vanquished by my spear; payment for my brother's blood has not long delayed; a man, therefore, may well be thankful if he leaves a kinsman in his house behind him to avenge his fall."[25][26]

Death

Two sources tackles the versions of the myth regarding Acamas' death. He was killed possibly by Meriones of Crete, half-brother of King Idomeneus in book 16 of the Iliad, but the Acamas killed there was not specifically identified as a son of Antenor. Quintus of Smyrna describes him as having been killed by the Greek hero Philoctetes.

Homer's account

"Meriones gave chase to Akamas on foot and caught him up just as he was about to mount his chariot; he drove a spear through his right shoulder so that he fell headlong from the car, and his eyes were closed in darkness."[27]

Quintus' account

Now Poeas' son [i.e. Philoctetes] the while slew Deioneus and Acamas, Antenor's warrior son: Yea, a great host of strong men laid he low..'[28]

Notes

"Pronunciation of Acames". Pronounce Names. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Graves, Robert (2017). The Greek Myths - The Complete and Definitive Edition. Penguin Books Limited. pp. Index s.v. Acamas. ISBN 9780241983386.
Tzetzes, John (2015). Allegories of the Iliad. Translated by Goldwyn, Adam; Kokkini, Dimitra. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library. pp. 61, Prologue 806–807, p. 219, 11.44–46. ISBN 978-0-674-96785-4.
Homer, Iliad 2.823, 11.60 & 12.100
Apollodorus, Epitome 3.34 ff see Greek version: "Ἀρχέλοχος καὶ Ἀκάμας Ἀντήνορος καὶ Θεανοῦς, Δαρδανίων ἡγούμενοι" is translated as "Archelochus and Acamas, sons of Antenor and Theano, leaders of the Dardanians"
Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 10.27.4
Tzetzes, John (2015). Allegories of the Iliad. Translated by Goldwyn, Adam; Kokkini, Dimitra. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library. pp. 219, 11.44–46. ISBN 978-0-674-96785-4.
Homer, Iliad 11.59, 21.545 & 579
Tzetzes on Lycophron, Alexandra 134
Apollodorus, Epitome 3.34; Homer, Iliad 2.823, 12.100 & 14.464
Tzetzes, John (2015). Allegories of the Iliad. Translated by Goldwyn, Adam; Kokkini, Dimitra. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library. pp. 61, Prologue 806–807. ISBN 978-0-674-96785-4.
Homer, Iliad 11.248 & 256, 19.53
Homer, Iliad 20.395
Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 10.27.3
Virgil, Aeneid 6.484; Apollodorus, Epitome 5.21, Dictys Cretensis, Trojan War Chronicle 4.7; Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 10.27.3
Homer, Iliad 3.123
Homer, Iliad 11.221 & 261; Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 4.36.4 & 5.19.4
Homer, Iliad 15.516
Tzetzes, John (2015). Allegories of the Iliad. Translated by Goldwyn, Adam; Kokkini, Dimitra. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library. pp. 283, 15.193. ISBN 978-0-674-96785-4.
Homer, Iliad 4.87
Virgil, Aeneid 6.484
Homer, Iliad 11.59
Homer, Iliad 2.823 & 12.100; Apollodorus, Epitome 3.34
Homer, Iliad 2.823. Rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Samuel Butler. Longmans, Green and Co. 39 Paternoster Row, London. New York and Bombay. 1898
Homer, Iliad 14.476
Homer, Iliad 14.475 Rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Samuel Butler. Longmans, Green and Co. 39 Paternoster Row, London. New York and Bombay. 1898
Homer. The Iliad of Homer. 16.342. Rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Samuel Butler. Longmans, Green and Co. 39 Paternoster Row, London. New York and Bombay.
Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 10.168

References

Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
Dictys Cretensis, from The Trojan War. The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and Dares the Phrygian translated by Richard McIlwaine Frazer, Jr. (1931-). Indiana University Press. 1966. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths, Harmondsworth, London, England, Penguin Books, 1960. ISBN 978-0143106715
Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths: The Complete and Definitive Edition. Penguin Books Limited. 2017. ISBN 978-0-241-98338-6, 024198338X
Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. ISBN 978-0674995796. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Homer, Homeri Opera in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. ISBN 978-0198145318. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Publius Vergilius Maro, Aeneid. Theodore C. Williams. trans. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Publius Vergilius Maro, Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1900. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Quintus Smyrnaeus, The Fall of Troy translated by Way. A. S. Loeb Classical Library Volume 19. London: William Heinemann, 1913. Online version at theio.com
Tzetzes, John, Allegories of the Iliad translated by Goldwyn, Adam J. and Kokkini, Dimitra. Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library, Harvard University Press, 2015.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Acamas". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.

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[1] "Pronunciation of Acames". Pronounce Names. Retrieved 17 August 2016.

[2] Graves, Robert (2017). The Greek Myths - The Complete and Definitive Edition. Penguin Books Limited. pp. Index s.v. Acamas. ISBN 9780241983386.

[3] Tzetzes, John (2015). Allegories of the Iliad. Translated by Goldwyn, Adam; Kokkini, Dimitra. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library. pp. 61, Prologue 806–807, p. 219, 11.44–46. ISBN 978-0-674-96785-4.

[4] Homer, Iliad 2.823, 11.60 & 12.100

[5] Apollodorus, Epitome 3.34 ff see Greek version: "Ἀρχέλοχος καὶ Ἀκάμας Ἀντήνορος καὶ Θεανοῦς, Δαρδανίων ἡγούμενοι" is translated as "Archelochus and Acamas, sons of Antenor and Theano, leaders of the Dardanians"

[6] Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 10.27.4

[:02-7] Tzetzes, John (2015). Allegories of the Iliad. Translated by Goldwyn, Adam; Kokkini, Dimitra. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library. pp. 219, 11.44–46. ISBN 978-0-674-96785-4.

[8] Homer, Iliad 11.59, 21.545 & 579

[9] Tzetzes on Lycophron, Alexandra 134

[10] Apollodorus, Epitome 3.34; Homer, Iliad 2.823, 12.100 & 14.464

[11] Tzetzes, John (2015). Allegories of the Iliad. Translated by Goldwyn, Adam; Kokkini, Dimitra. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library. pp. 61, Prologue 806–807. ISBN 978-0-674-96785-4.

[12] Homer, Iliad 11.248 & 256, 19.53

[13] Homer, Iliad 20.395

[14] Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 10.27.3

[15] Virgil, Aeneid 6.484; Apollodorus, Epitome 5.21, Dictys Cretensis, Trojan War Chronicle 4.7; Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 10.27.3

[16] Homer, Iliad 3.123

[17] Homer, Iliad 11.221 & 261; Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 4.36.4 & 5.19.4

[18] Homer, Iliad 15.516

[19] Tzetzes, John (2015). Allegories of the Iliad. Translated by Goldwyn, Adam; Kokkini, Dimitra. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library. pp. 283, 15.193. ISBN 978-0-674-96785-4.

[20] Homer, Iliad 4.87

[:12-21] Virgil, Aeneid 6.484

[22] Homer, Iliad 11.59

[23] Homer, Iliad 2.823 & 12.100; Apollodorus, Epitome 3.34

[24] Homer, Iliad 2.823. Rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Samuel Butler. Longmans, Green and Co. 39 Paternoster Row, London. New York and Bombay. 1898

[25] Homer, Iliad 14.476

[26] Homer, Iliad 14.475 Rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Samuel Butler. Longmans, Green and Co. 39 Paternoster Row, London. New York and Bombay. 1898

[:0-27] Homer. The Iliad of Homer. 16.342. Rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Samuel Butler. Longmans, Green and Co. 39 Paternoster Row, London. New York and Bombay.

[:1-28] Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 10.168