Popular Action (Spain)
Popular Action (Spanish: Acción Popular), until 1932 National Action (Spanish: Acción Nacional), was a Spanish Roman Catholic political party active during the Second Spanish Republic.
Popular Action Acción Popular | |
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 | |
| Leader | Ángel Herrera Oria |
| Founded | 1930 |
| Dissolved | 1933 |
| Merged into | CEDA |
| Headquarters | Madrid |
| Youth wing | Juventudes de Acción Popular |
| Ideology | Conservatism[1] Monarchism Spanish nationalism Political Catholicism |
| Political position | Right-wing |
| Part of a series on |
| Conservatism in Spain |
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The group was formed after the fall of the monarchy and the defeat of monarchist parties in the 1931 elections, in order to defend the interests of Roman Catholics in the new Spanish Republic.[2] It emanated from the Asociación Católica Nacional de Propagandistas and effectively formed a political party drawn from this hard-line monarchist movement.[3] The main leader of Popular Action was editor of El Debate and future cardinal Ángel Herrera Oria.[4] In 1932, National Action had to change its name, because parties and political movements were prohibited to use the word "national" in their names.[5]
The Popular Action sought to unite the right-wing, monarchist and Catholic camp and thus became the core of a conservative federation of parties, the Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups (CEDA), established in 1933.[2]
Even after the formation of CEDA the party's youth movement, Juventudes de Acción Popular (commonly known as the Greenshirts) continued to organise.[4] However, in the spring of 1936, the decline of Popular Action was underlined when 15,000 Greenshirts left the movement to join FE de las JONS instead.[6] On the eve of the Spanish Civil War Popular Action had around 12,000 members.[7] When Francisco Franco announced his decree establishing the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista on 19 April 1937, Popular Action was one of a number of parties absorbed into this new pan-right group.[8]
References
- Blinkhorn, Martin (2002), Democracy and Civil War in Spain 1932-1939, Routledge, p. 15
- Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War, Pelican Books, 1971, p. 95
- Edouard de Blaye, Franco and the Politics of Spain, Penguin Books, 1976, pp. 26-7
- de Blaye, Franco, p. 27
- Romero Salvadó, Francisco J. (2013), Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War, Scarecrow Press, p. 26
- Antony Beevor, The Battle for Spain, p. 45
- Thomas, The Spanish Civil War, Phoenix, 2007, p. 141
- Beevor, The Battle for Spain, p. 285