Acronicta euphorbiae

Acronicta euphorbiae, the sweet gale moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775.[2]

Acronicta euphorbiae
Acronicta euphorbiae. Dorsal view
Side view
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Noctuoidea
Family: Noctuidae
Genus: Acronicta
Species:
A. euphorbiae
Binomial name
Acronicta euphorbiae
Synonyms[1]
  • Acronycta euphrasiae
  • Apatele euphorbiae

Similar species

Distribution

This species is distributed through parts of the Palearctic south of a line that is across southern Poland, from northern Scotland, northeastern Netherlands/border with north-western Germany, southeastward through the northern Czech Republic, Ukraine and southern Russia to the Ural mountains.[3][4]

Habitat, Germany

Habitat

These moths prefer warm, sunny slopes, grassy heaths, moorland and forests. In the Alps, they rise up to over 2500 metres above sea level.

Description
For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.

The wingspan of Acronicta euphorbiae can reach 32–40 mm. The females are slightly larger than the males and have darker hindwings. Forewings are grey dusted with darker; orbicular stigma is close beyond inner line; hindwings are white in male, fuscous in female with pale cilia. The ab. montivaga Guen. is a mountain form, with darker, bluer grey forewings, occurring in the Alps and in Norway. The ab. myricae Guen., occurring in the Scottish and Irish mountains, is still darker, with narrower, more pointed forewings, but not smaller as Staudinger states. The ab. euphrasiae Brahm, which appears to be the commoner form in France and south-western Europe, is paler than the type and more luteous; Lastly, the ab. esulae. Hbn. is a quite, small form, with the markings obscured.[5]

Unlike adults the caterpillars are brightly coloured, with hairy spikes. They gets more colourful as they grow.

Biology

The adults fly at night from May to June . The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, mainly on heather (Calluna vulgaris), bog-myrtle (Myrica gale), Euphorbia, Achillea, Rumex and Plantago.[6]

  • Sweet gale moth larva, first instar
    Sweet gale moth larva, first instar
  • Caterpillar of Acronicta euphorbiae, last instar
    Caterpillar of Acronicta euphorbiae, last instar
  • Mounted male
    Mounted male
  • Mounted female
    Mounted female

Notes
  1. ^ The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.

References
  1. BioLib
  2. Savela, Markku, ed. (August 29, 2020). "Acronicta euphorbiae (Schiffermüller, 1775)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  3. Walter Forster und Theodor Wohlfahrt: Die Schmetterlinge Mitteleuropas, Band IV, Eulen. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971
  4. Fauna Europaea
  5. Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914
  6. Robinson, Gaden S.; Ackery, Phillip R.; Kitching, Ian J.; Beccaloni, George W. & Hernández, Luis M. (2010). "Search the database - introduction and help". HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London.

Further reading
  • South, R. (1907). The Moths of the British Isles (First Series), Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd., London & NY: 359 pp. online
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