Acueducto de Ponce
Acueducto de Ponce | |
|---|---|
 El Murallón de La Cantera[1] portion of the Acueducto Alfonso XII | |
| Coordinates | 18°01′17″N 66°36′51″W |
| Begins | Río Portugués, San Patricio, Ponce, Puerto Rico 18.02085°N 66.61380°W |
| Ends | Cerro San Tomás Barrio Sexto, Ponce, Puerto Rico 18.02085°N 66.61380°W |
| Official name | Acueducto Alfonso XII |
| Maintained by | Municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico |
| Characteristics | |
| Total length | 4,100 m (2.5 mi), 4,100 m (4,500 yd)[2] |
| Width | 0.52 m (1 ft 8 in) (interior conduit channel only) |
| Height | 50 ft (15 m) at highest |
| Capacity | 40.51 L/s (1.431 cu ft/s) |
| History | |
| Construction start | 21 August 1876 |
| Construction cost | $220,000 ($6.05 million in 2022 dollars[3] |
| Opened | 1880 |
| Closed | 1928 |
Acueducto de Ponce | |
| NRHP reference No. | 100004854 |
| Added to NRHP | December 30, 2019 |
| Location | |
| References | |
| Reference List | |
The Acueducto de Ponce (Ponce Aqueduct), formally Acueducto Alfonso XII,[4] is the name of a historic 2.5-mile[2] gravity-based water supply system in the city of Ponce, Puerto Rico. It was designed in 1875 by Timoteo Luberza and built the following years.[5] This aqueduct was the first modern water distribution system built in Puerto Rico.[6] The Aqueduct (or, more precisely, its conduit channel at its highest elevation point in Barrio Mameyes) was known as El Puente de los Suicidios (Bridge of the suicides).[7][8] It was declared a National Historic Monument on 17 June 2015.[9]
Location
The most iconic part of the aqueduct, its reservoir, it located on the Cerro San Tomas hill, next to sector Mameyes, in the Barrio La Cantera in the city of Ponce.[10]
| External audio | |
|---|---|
 You may see Acueducto de Ponce (also includes the Mameyes Memorial) HERE |
History
Construction of the aqueduct was heavily promoted in the Ponce newspaper "El Fénix" by Don Eustaquio Quesada and Don Salvador Coronas.[11] Construction started on 21 August 1876.[12] The 1876 construction cost was of $220,000 ($6.05 million in 2022 dollars[3]).[13] It became operational in that year.[13] It was completed in 1880 and it operated for 48 years—until 1928.[14] Its construction was made possible by a generous 54,000 Spanish pesos[15] donation from Valentín Tricoche, who also left in his will moneys for the construction of Hospital Tricoche.[16]
Watershed feeder system
The watershed for the Acueducto de Ponce water supply system consisted of about 30 square kilometers of the valley of the Rio Portugués river. Rio Portugués has its source near the Ponce-Jayuya and Ponce-Adjuntas roads. The watershed approaches the PR-123 road for the first time at kilometer 18 and crosses it at kilometers 19 and 24.[17] In 1915, in the part of the watershed nearest the aqueduct intake there were some 50 houses, five stables, two dairies, and a coffee hacienda. The population of the area was about 50 people. For this reason there was a some concern about potential contamination of the aqueduct water supply.[17]
Description
The aqueduct was 4,100 meters (2.5 mi) long,[18] or approximately 4,442 yards.[19] The gravity-based aqueduct was initially 3,000 meters long from the dam to the reservoir.[20] It was later enlarged to 4,100 meters, but was eventually decommissioned, under the mayoral administration of Guillermo Vivas Valdivieso, when a new, pump-based, water supply system was inaugurated.[21][22] At its highest point the aqueduct rose 50 feet high.[23]
Intake dam
The intake dam for the aqueduct was located at Río Portugués, about 1 kilometer north of the mouth of Rio Chiquito. It was made of a low masonry wall, or diversion weir, and had very little storage capacity. There was a small pool in front of the intake, deep enough to protect it, which was screened to keep out floating debris.[24]
Conduit
The water was carried from the intake to the reservoir in a brick conduit channel. The dimensions of the conduit channel were 0.52 meter wide by 0.55 meter deep. The conduit had a semicircular crown. The conduit ran through land covered with brush and young trees. It also ran through pasture land and old cattle yards. Further south it also passed along the side of a very steep hill and just before reaching the reservoir, it also passed through the Mameyes sector of La Cantera neighborhood.[24]
Reservoir
The reservoir was of brick lined with cement. It was covered. It had a capacity for 2,000 cubic meters. The reservoir was divided into two compartments. The insular government at the time estimated that the reservoir held a one day's supply of water for the city residents which then consisted of a population of 35,000.[24]
Distribution
The main water pipe into the city of Ponce made its way down Calle Atocha crossing Calle Guadalupe, Calle Victoria, Calle Vives, Calle Sol, Calle Isabel, Calle Cristina, and Calle Comercio. There was a block-by-block water distribution system in some 80 blocks, measured in an approximately even area of 9 blocks by 9 blocks. There was running water everywhere in the perimeter of Plaza Las Delicias, as well as outward from Plaza Las Delicias for at least 4 additional blocks.[25]
Disposition
With the advent of more advanced water supply systems, the aqueduct was retired in 1928, and eventually abandoned. It laid in ruins for many decades. In 2015, however, Puerto Rico senator Víctor Vasallo Anadón presented a bill in the Puerto Rico Senate to enact legislation to designate the aqueduct a historic structure worth preserving and secure funds for its preservation.[26] On 9 June 2015, it was voted a National Historic Monument.[27] On 17 June 2015, it was declared a National Historic Monument.[28] It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on 30 December 2019.[29]
See also
- Barrio Mameyes
- Old Piedras River Aqueduct: NRHP listing in San Juan, Puerto Rico
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Ponce, Puerto Rico
References
- Anibal Sepúlveda Rivera. Puerto Rico Urbano:Atlas Histórico de la Ciudad Puertorriqueña. San Juan, PR: Carimar, and Puerto Rico's Departamento de Transportación y Obras Publicas. 2004. Volumen 3 [de 4]: Entresiglos 1880s - 1910s. p.40. ISBN 0963342355
- Clarksburg Telegram. Clarksburg, West Virginia. Vol XXXVII. Number 38. 29 July 1898. Page 1.
- 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved 28 May 2023.
- Acueducto Alfonso XII, Ponce. Tony Zayas (videographer). Sur Comunica. 4 March 2015.
- Sala Panoramica. Seccion de Estructuras Emblematicas. Museo de la Historia de Ponce. Ponce, Puerto Rico. March 2011.
- Reclaman preservación de centenaria estructura en Ponce. Pedro A. Menéndez Sanabria. El Nuevo Dia. 25 February 2015.
- Fay Fowlie de Flores. Ponce, Perla del Sur: Una Bibliografía Anotada. Second Edition. 1997. Ponce, Puerto Rico: Universidad de Puerto Rico en Ponce. p. 42. Item 210. LCCN 92-75480
- Inventario histórico de ingeniería e industria de Puerto Rico. University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras. Office of the President. Rio Piedras, PuertO Rico. 1978. volume 7.
- Acueducto Alfonso XII de Ponce declarado monumento histórico nacional. 17 June 2015. Accessed 9 February 2022. Archived.
- Proponen declarar monumento histórico a un acueducto español en Puerto Rico. Archived 27 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine Fox News Latino. 13 February 2015.
- Socorro Girón. Ponce, el teatro La Perla y La Campana de la Almudaina. Gobierno Municipal Autónomo de Ponce. Ponce, Puerto Rico. 1992. p. 94.
- Las Fiestas Populares de Ponce y La Villa de Ponce. Ramon Marín. 1875. Ponce, Puerto Rico: Imprenta El Vapor. 72 pages. (Reprinted September 1994. San Juan, Puerto Rico: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. 281 pages. Page 20.[Socorro Girón. "Ramon Marin y su Tiempo." (foreword)]) Retrieved 23 July 2012.
- Department, United States War (8 January 1916). "Annual Report of the Secretary of War". U.S. Government Printing Office – via Google Books.
- Neysa Rodríguez Deynes. Breviario sobre la Historia de Ponce y sus Principales Lugares de Interes. 1st edition. 1991. Page 170. San Juan, PR: Model Offset Printing.
- Diccionario Enciclopédico. Escolar.com. Tomo XVII. Page 98.
- AN ACT To declare November 15 of each year as “Philanthropy Day,” to acknowledge and promote valuable and generous philanthropic action of citizens on behalf of the People of Puerto Rico. Archived 27 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine Senate Bill #1812. Act Number 78. Approved 7 March 2003. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
- Annual report of the Secretary of War. United States War Department. Volume III. 1915. Page 84.
- Diccionario Enciclopédico. Escolar.com. Tomo XVII. Page 97.
- Eli D. Oquendo-Rodriguez. Pablo L. Crespo-Vargas, editor. A Orillas del Mar Caribe: Boceto historico de la Playa de Ponce - Desde sus primeros habitantes hasta principios del siglo XX. First edition. June, 2017. Editorial Akelarre. Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones del Sur Oeste de Puerto Rico (CEISCO). Lajas, Puerto Rico. Page 214. ISBN 978-1547284931
- Annual report of the Secretary of War. United States War Department. Volume III. 1915. Page 79.
- Ponce: A Historical Sketch Archived 2012-04-25 at the Wayback Machine Juan Braschi. In, "The Book of Porto Rico. XIX: Principal Cities."] Sistema Universitario Ana G. Méndez. San Juan, Puerto Rico. Page 1069. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- Diccionario Enciclopédico. Tomo XVII. Page 97.
- Neysa Rodriguez Deynes, et al., Brevario sobre la historia de Ponce y sus principales lugares de interés. 1991. Museo de la Historia de Ponce. Secretaria de Arte y Cultura. Government of the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce. Ponce, Puerto Rico. p. 170.
- Annual report of the Secretary of War. United States War Department. Volume III. 1915. Page 84. Accessed 3 May 2018.
- Timoteo Luberza. Perfil de la Cañeria Principal. In, Planos Acueducto Alfonso XII - Number 3950. Archivo Histórico de Ponce. Box 1, Year 1874.
- Reclaman preservación de centenaria estructura en Ponce. Pedro A. Menéndez Sanabria. El Nuevo Dia. 25 February 2015. Accessed 3 May 2018.
- Monumento Histórico Nacional el Antiguo Acueducto Alfonso XII, Ley para declarar Monumento Histórico Nacional el Antiguo Acueducto Alfonso XII. Archived 27 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine Puerto Rico House of Representatives. Proyecto de la Camara # 2153. Ley Núm. 84-2015. 9 June 2015.
- Acueducto Alfonso XII de Ponce declarado monumento histórico nacional. Ed. Microjuris.com Puerto Rico. 17 June 2015. Accessed 3 May 2018.
- National Park Service (3 January 2020), Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 12/27/2019 through 1/3/2020, archived from the original on 8 January 2020, retrieved 8 January 2020.