Aden Abdullahi Nur

Aden Abdullahi Noor "Gabyow" (Somali: Aadan Cabdullaahi Nuur "Gabyoow", Osmanya Script: ๐’›๐’†๐’—๐’’ ๐’›๐’›๐’๐’†๐’š๐’๐’๐’–๐’”๐’˜ N๐’™๐’™๐’‡ "G๐’–๐’๐’•๐’™๐’“"; 10 October 1920 - 5 June 2002). Was a very senior Somali Military Commander, Faction Leader, Politician, a leading member and one of the most powerful men in the Somali Democratic Republic.

Major General
Aden Abdullahi Noor "Gabyow"
"ุงุฏู… ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ูˆุฑ"ุฌุจูŠูˆ
๐’›๐’†๐’—๐’’ ๐’›๐’›๐’๐’†๐’š๐’๐’๐’–๐’”๐’˜ N๐’™๐’™๐’‡ "G๐’–๐’๐’•๐’™๐’“"
Deputy Minister of Defence and Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Somali National Army
In office
31 May 1984 โ€“ 20 June 1986
PresidentSiad Barre
Preceded byOmar Haji Mohamed
Succeeded byMohammed Said Hersi Morgan
Minister of Defence and Commander-in-Chief of the Somali National Army
In office
20th June 1986 โ€“ 1st February 1989
PresidentSiad Barre
Preceded byMuhammad Ali Samatar
Succeeded byMohammed Said Hersi Morgan
Minister of Information and Tourism
In office
1st February 1989 โ€“ 21st April 1989
PresidentSiad Barre
Preceded byAbdirashid Sheikh Ahmed
Succeeded byYassin Hajji Ismail
Minister of Presidential and Public Affairs
In office
21st April 1989 โ€“ 24th July 1989
PresidentSiad Barre
Preceded byAbdi Warsame Isaq
Succeeded byAbdullahi Osoble Siad
Chairman of the Somali Patriotic Movement
In office
12th April 1992 โ€“ 5th June 2002
Preceded byBashir Bililiqo
Succeeded byMohammed Said Hersi Morgan
Personal details
Born10th October 1920
Mado Gashi, Northern Frontier District
Died5th June 2002
[Aged 82]
Nairobi, Kenya
Resting placeBu'ale, Middle Juba, Somalia
Political partySomali Revolutionary Socialist Party
Somali Patriotic Movement
RelationsBashir Bililiqo [son-in-law]
Alma materEngland Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Soviet Union Odesa Military Academy
Military service
AllegianceUnited Kingdom United Kingdom [1941-1963]
Kenya Kenya [1963-1969]
Somalia Somali Democratic Republic [1969-1990]
Somalia Somali Patriotic Movement [1991-2002]
Branch/serviceKing's African Rifles
Kenya Defence Forces
Somali National Army
Somali Patriotic Movement
Years of service1941-2002
Rank Major General
Commandsโ– Commander of the Lenet Military Training Academy [1953-1954]
โ– Commander of the King's African Rifles [1958-1963]
โ– Commander of the Ground Forces of the Kenya Defence Force [1963-1967]
โ– Commander of the Training Department of the Ministry of Defence of Kenya [1967-1968]
โ– Commander of the Halane Military Training School [1970-1973]
โ– Commander of the Training Department of the Somali National Army [1973-1975]
โ– Commander of the Strategy Department of the Somali National Army [1975-1979]
โ– Director of the Ministry of Defence of Somalia [1979-1982]
โ– Chairman of the Defence Committee of the Somali National Assembly [1982-1984]
Battles/wars

Early years

Aden Abdullahi Noor "Gabyow", was born on the 10th of October 1920, in the district of Mado Gashi in the Northern Frontier District, which was under the British rule at that time. He was born to an Aulihan sub clan of the larger Ogaden, Darod clan. He received his primary education in Garissa the capital city of the Northern Frontier District.

He joined the King's African Rifles in 1947 and undertook his military training in the second capital city of Uganda, Jinja. He finished training the same year and was transferred to Jigjiga, Somali Region Ethiopia.[1]

When he finished duty in Jigjiga, he was sent to Kismayo only to be sent back to Kenya when the British handed the territory over to Italy. Gabyow was among British troops who were sent to fight in Korea until 1952. He had previously fought in the Malayan Emergency. In 1952 he was sent to Britain and was among the African troops sent to Britain to attend the coronation Queen Elizabeth II.[2]

Career

In 1963, Gabyow became a platoon leader in the new Kenyan army but was reduced to a private forcing him to leave the army. In 1970 he made his way to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from where he was transported to Mogadishu by the Somali embassy. Because of his experience fighting communists in Asia, he was sent to the Soviet Union for four years' training. He became head of a new police station and was later appointed head of Halane military training station in 1976. He was promoted to the rank of colonel the same year.[1]

After being the head of Halane military training station, General Adan Gabyow became Minister of Defence under Siad Barre. As a result of a conflict between him and Barre he was arrested and jailed in 1988.[1]

Foreign and Commonwealth Office files at Kew attest that Gen Aden Abdullahi Nur was relieved as Minister of Defence and appointed Minister of Tourism on 30 January 1989.[3]

Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM)

Somali Patriotic Movement was formed in 1985 as a result of a split in the Somali Salvation Democratic Front by military dissidents hailing from Gabyow's own Ogaden. In 1988 they demanded the release of General Gabyow and encouraged officers from their Ogaden clan to resign. Their appeal led to the desertation of Colonel Ahmed Omar Jess. The sacking of Gabyow was the catalyst for a conflict that had been smouldering over a number of years.[4] In March 1989 soldiers of the Ogaden mutinied in Kismayo, and fighting continued until the government troops gained the upper hand in July.[5][6]

Civil War

In January 1991, the government of Siad Barre was toppled in Mogadishu by the Hawiye-dominated United Somali Congress. In February 1991 fighting erupted between the USC and the SPM in Afgoye. The defeated SPM were forced to flee south to Kismayo, where they joined up with other disparate Darod who had fled from Mogadishu. In April the same year, SPM lost control of the port city of Kismayo and the USC finally captured Kismayo at the end of the month, and the SPM/SNF were pushed south of Dhobley.[6]

Gabyow was finally released from prison when the USC overran the capital. Following the defeat of SPM, various Darod factions, including the SPM, SSDF and SNF regrouped under the banner of SPM. Gabyow was appointed the new chairman of SPM, taking over from Colonel Biliqo and Jess became the military commander. General Morgan was given charge of the police. The SPM recaptured Kismayo and Brava in June 1991.[6]

Following their defeat the various Darod factions, including the SPM (Ogaden), SSDF (Harti) and SNF (Marehan), regrouped under the banner of the SPM. Internal Darod conflicts over land were forgotten in the face of the anti-Darod rhetoric from Aideed, who proclaimed his intention of clearing all Darod from Somalia. Gabiyo was appointed the new chairman of the SPM, and Jess the military commander. General Morgan (Majeerteen and Barre's son-in-law) was given charge of the police. The election of Gabiyo as the chairman led to a rift between Gabiyo and Jess. It is suggested that Gabiyo was elected chairman to ensure the support of his Awlihan clan, who up until then had been supporting Jess.[6]

In June 1991, the SPM recaptured Kismayo and Brava. A second attempt to retake Mogadishu was again defeated by the USC. In December 1991, during the reelection of the SPM chairman, Gabiyo and Morgan combined forces to remove Jess's forces from Kismayo and Brava. Jess then went on to form an alliance with Aideed's USC, which became known as the Somali Liberation Army (SLA). Their combined forces managed to push Gabiyo and Morgan out of Kismayo and in April 1992 forced Barre into exile in Kenya. Following this victory Aideed and Jess formed the Somali National Alliance (SNA), combining with the SDM and the SSNM.[6]

In December 1991, during the reelection of the SPM chairman, Gabyow combined forces with Morgan who led SSDF/SPM to remove Jess' forces from Kismayo and Brava. Jess then formed an alliance with General Mohamed Farrah Aideed's USC. Their combined forces managed to push Gabyow and Morgan out of Kismayo, rendering Siad Barre to exile. As a result of a US-led UN sanctioned intervention in Somalia, Unified Task Force (UNITAF) took control of Kismayo. When the forces withdrew the city once again remained under control of an alliance of SPM/SSDF/SNF forces.[6]

Cairo Peace Conference

General Gabyow was among 25 delegates attending the Cairo Peace Conference in 1998. Colonel Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed and Gabyow stormed out of the Cairo talks and later announced their rejection of the Cairo declaration. Gabyow had long pointed an accusing finger at Hussein Aideed, son of Aideed who took over his father's position after he was killed in fighting between him and Ali Mahdi, and the Egyptian government for instigating violence in Kismayo, but both the Egyptian authorities and Aidid denied any involvement in the war-torn southern Somali port.[7]

Both General Morgan and Gabyow belong to the powerful Darod clan which felt marginalised by the political dominance of the Hawiye due to the legitimacy the Cairo declaration gave Somalia's two most powerful Hawiye - Hussein Farrah Aideed and Ali Mahdi Muhammad.[7] The Cairo declaration subsequently failed after signatories including Aideed's failure to disarm.[8]

In 2000, Gabyow was among several leaders calling for a federal system in Somalia.[9]

Death

Aden Abdullahi Noor "Gabyow", who had been suffering from several illnesses for a while, died on the 5th of June 2002 in Nairobi the capital city of Kenya, after contracting stroke diseases. His body was flown to the capital of the Middle Juba region Bu'ale, where he was given a national funeral attended by thousands of people.

See also

References
  1. "Reference at somaliwide.net". Archived from the original on November 6, 2012.
  2. Bridges, Peter (2000). Safirka : an American envoy. Kent, Ohio [u.a.]: Kent State Univ. Press. ISBN 0873386582.
  3. TNA Kew probably FCO 31/5197.
  4. Falola, Toyin; Oyebade, Adebayo O. (2010). Hot spot : Sub-Saharan Africa. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. ISBN 978-0313359712.
  5. "Reference at onwar.com".
  6. "Kismayo Wars".
  7. "Al-Ahram Weekly | Countdown to Baidoa". Archived from the original on 2009-09-13. Retrieved 2012-05-01.
  8. "ECCP". Archived from the original on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2012-05-01.
  9. "Somali Regional Admiminstrations Call for Re-negotiations". Archived from the original on 2013-02-13. Retrieved 2012-05-01.
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