Adrian Claver

Adrian Claver (fl. 1704–1705, last name occasionally Clavar) was a Dutch privateer based out of New England. He sailed alongside other prominent privateers such as John Halsey, Regnier Tongrelow, and Thomas Penniston.

History

Claver captained the 18-gun, 120-man Dutch West India Company ship Castel del Rey.[1] In September 1703 a “Capt. Henry Claver of the Dutch privateer Castle Roy” was made to post bond before sailing from New York, promising that he would not take debtors aboard. This may have been Adrian Claver and the Castel del Rey, as a record from the following month mentions “Capt. Adrian Claver of the ship Castle Roy.”[2]

He sailed to the Caribbean in early 1704 to raid Spanish shipping off Havana.[1] That July he returned to New York, where local officials asked him to defend them against French privateer Captain Davy, who had taken a number of English vessels in the area and had raided settlements near shore.[3] Claver's crew refused to fight until the colonies offered a reward.[1] Once they did so, Claver chased Davy unsuccessfully before returning to port. He then sailed out again alongside Thomas Penniston and a third privateer, but again returned without catching Davy.[4] Though he never caught Davy, the city's councilmen agreed to pay for Claver's provisions and supplies.[2]

In August he managed to alarm the locals: “Ten large ships supposed to be French are reported within Sandy Hook. Militia called out. The ships are found to be prizes of Capt. Claver.”[2] Fellow privateer Regnier Tongrelow had the same problem when one of his prize ships was suspected of being a French privateer; Tongrelow later testified in Claver's favor when Claver was questioned about the validity of his prizes.[2]

Claver sailed in December 1704 alongside privateers Vanlaer and de Wint, heading to Venezuela. He met up with Thomas Penniston and John Halsey and raided Spanish shipping off Caracas in March.[5] In August 1705 he was back in New York with a Spanish prize ship, along with de Wint and Penniston, as well as privateers Willoughby and Gincks.[5] Crews from Gincks and Peniston's ships rioted in September before being subdued by local militia and Royal Navy soldiers.[6]

Claver's subsequent activities are not recorded. Merchant, pirate, and privateer Otto Van Tuyl convinced the Castel del Rey’s owners to put him in charge in late 1705. That December Van Tuyl set sail alongside Tongrelow and Penniston but was killed when he wrecked the Castel del Rey upon trying to leave the harbor in fierce winter weather.[1] Several sources claim the Castel del Rey was wrecked in 1704,[7] not 1705, and variously put Claver, Van Tuyl,[8] or a Captain Troup[9] in command; period accounts confirm it was lost in 1705.[10] Most accounts list it with Van Tuyl in charge,[1] though at least one claims Claver was still aboard.[2]

See also
  • War of Spanish Succession – the European conflict which spilled into the Americas as “Queen Anne’s War,” occasioning a rise in privateering commissions.

References
  1. Groenendijk, R. L. Van Tuyl and J. N. A. (1996). A Van Tuyl Chronicle: 650 Years in the History of a Dutch-American Family. Decorah IA: Rory Van Tuyl. pp. 128–134. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  2. Fernow, Berthold (1903). Calendar of [New York Colonial] Council Minutes, 1668-1783. Albany NY: University of the State of New York. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  3. "The History Box |Newspaper Correspondence 1704-1708 Part I". thehistorybox.com. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  4. Petriello, David (2014). Military History of New Jersey. Charleston SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781625851581. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  5. Weeks, Lyman Horace; Bacon, Edwin Monroe (1911). An Historical Digest of the Provincial Press: Being a Collation of All Items of Personal and Historic Reference Relating to American Affairs Printed in the Newspapers of the Provincial Period Beginning with the Appearance of The Present State of the New-English Affairs, 1689, Publick Occurrences, 1690, and the First Issue of the Boston News-letter, 1704, and Ending with the Close of the Revolution, 1783 ... Massachusetts Series, Volume One. Boston MA: Society for Americana, Incorporated. pp. 112–234. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  6. Wilson, Rufus Rockwell (1902). New York: Old & New. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. p. 132. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  7. Purvis, Thomas L. (2014). Colonial America To 1763. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 9781438107998. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  8. Marx, Robert F. (1987). Shipwrecks in the Americas. New York: Courier Corporation. pp. 158–159. ISBN 9780486255149. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  9. Kornblum, William (2013). At Sea in the City: New York from the Water's Edge. Chapel Hill NC: Algonquin Books. pp. 51–43. ISBN 978-1565127050. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  10. See the Calendar of New York Colonial Council Minutes, op cit., where an order was issued in November 1705 protecting volunteers for the Castel del Rey’s upcoming voyage from impressment.
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