Adult Film Association of America

The Adult Film Association of America (AFAA) was the first American association of pornographic film producers. It fought against censorship laws, attempted to defend the industry against prosecution for obscenity, and held an annual adult film awards ceremony. Founded in 1969, it continued separate operation until 1992 when it merged with Free Speech Legal Defense Fund.[2] The organization was also host to the Erotic Film Awards which were held from 1977 until 1986.

Adult Film Association of America
AbbreviationAFAA
Formation1969 (1969)[1]
Dissolved1992 (1992)[2]
TypeTrade association[3]
Legal statusMerged with Free Speech Legal Defense Fund[2]
PurposeAdvocacy for the adult film industry, opposition to censorship, presentation of erotic movie awards
Location
  • United States
Membership
285 producers, distributors, theater owners, cable programmers, and videocassette manufacturers in the adult film business[1]

History

Origin, 1970s and 1980s

It was founded in 1969 in Kansas City, with Sam Chernoff of Astro-Jemco Film Co. as the first president. Other notable presidents included film producer David F. Friedman, elected the third president in 1971, and re-elected four times before becoming Chairman of the Board, and erotic actress and magazine publisher Gloria Leonard, who became president in 1986.[4]

It held adult film awards ceremonies for 10 years during the Golden Age of Porn. The first awards ceremony was held July 14, 1977, at the Wilshire Ebell Theatre in Los Angeles while religious protesters picketed outside,[5] as they would several years thereafter.[1][6][7][8][9][10][11] "These feverish protesters are such a familiar part of the ritual, they really should be listed in the program," sex news magazine Cheri stated after the 1983 awards.[12]

With the advent of pornography on video, in early 1986 the AFAA renamed itself Adult Film and Video Association of America (AFVAA)[13] and added a new award category, best adult video. The 10th annual awards, held at the Sheraton Premiere Hotel in Los Angeles on June 29, 1986, were the last.

The association changed its name again in 1987 to the Adult Video Association (AVA).[14] No awards were given for 1987.[15] Instead, in mid-1988 they were replaced by an annual Night of the Stars dinner-dance and legal fundraiser,[16] the fifth of which it held in June 1992 with more than 500 people in attendance, the association's biggest show ever.[2] Lifetime Achievement Awards were presented at the Night of the Stars, however, film awards were discontinued.

1990s

By February 1992, the tables were turned – association members "picketed the Public Forum on Pornography sponsored by religious groups who hope to institute morality codes back into all movies made."[2]

In October 1992, Video Vixens Trading Cards for collectors were released with part of the profits going to the AVA. That same month, the AVA and Free Speech Legal Defense Fund, which had been organized in 1991, unified to create a new umbrella organization, the Free Speech Coalition (FSC).[2][17] Its role as the trade association of the adult entertainment industry[3] was taken over by the FSC, which acknowledges the AFAA as its first ancestor.[18]

AFAA award history

Pornographic actress Marilyn Chambers presented the very first award for best erotic motion picture to the L. Sultana production of The Opening of Misty Beethoven, while runner-up was Count the Ways, produced by Virginia Ann Perry.[5] Jennifer Welles and Jamie Gillis were the first winners in the best actress and best actor categories. Pornographic actor John Holmes told the crowd at the first year's awards, "In the not-too-far distant future we will proudly say that we were pioneers."[5]

Retroactive awards of merit were also given to five movies considered best from 1955 to 1975: Tonight for Sure, Not Tonight, Henry! Trader Hornee and Sometime Sweet Susan. Deep Throat was also honored as one of the top-grossing of all movies, including mainstream films, of 1972. Board chairman Friedman said the AFAA was "much too busy fighting legal battles" in the early days to hold awards ceremonies, so these special awards were intended to make up for not having presented them in the past.[5]

For a time the most notable erotic film awards were those of the AFAA, considered to be "the closest thing the porn world's got to filmdom's Oscar derby."[11] Many stars would arrive in chauffeur-driven limousines while some would vie for attention by arriving in a four-horse carriage, a Roman chariot, a horse or even an elephant.[19] The third annual awards "drew a festive crowd of some 600 porn-people plus several hundred hard-core fans to the Hollywood Palladium."[8] Subsequent awards shows even attracted celebrities such as The Godfather director Francis Ford Coppola,[11][20] singer Stephen Bishop[20] and gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson[13] to be part of the audience and comedian Jackie Gayle[20] and singer Jaye P. Morgan of The Gong Show to be part of evening's entertainment.[19] The fifth and eighth awards ceremonies were videotaped and offered to cable and subscription television[1][19] and for sale on VHS cassettes while the seventh was taped for an August 1983 broadcast on Playboy TV. Other awards during the porno chic era included Adam Film World's X-Caliber awards, first given out in 1975 and based on votes of fans,[5] Hustler magazine's Erotic Movie Awards, first presented in 1977 and the Critics Adult Film Awards, bestowed by a New York-based group of East Coast adult sex film critics from 1981 to 1987.

By the third awards ceremony in 1980, although the concept was seen as positive, adult entertainment magazine Genesis reported they were "beginning to generate as much controversy as the regular Academy Awards, or more."[9] While it seemed "politicking" gave the Best Film award to Legend of Lady Blue over heavy favorites Sex World and Take Off, the "most glaring lack of any validity" was shown by giving the best actor award to Aldo Ray. "The Erotica Awards are supposed to be presented to sex-film performers who both 'act' well and 'perform' well. In Sweet Savage, not only did Aldo Ray not 'act' particularly well—his part was simply gratuitous...he never even performed at all. The fact is he never even took his clothes off, nor did he show up to receive his award."[9] Aside from that, Sweet Savage was released "well into 1979" and the films nominated were supposed to have been released in 1978, leaving the impression the AFAA gave him the award to "capitalize on his name and to obtain more media coverage."[9] Adam Film World Guide, however, reported the following year's awards, which were presented in July 1981, "covered films released from mid-1980 to the middle of '81",[19] which could have meant Sweet Savage was eligible for awards in 1979 if the same time frame was considered. Meanwhile, Adam Film World noted Ray's award "was not surprising considering that one of the announced functions of the aFAA and its annual awards is to upgrade the image of the adult film industry in the public eye."[8]

Originally the Erotica Awards were determined by vote of the "association's membership of more than 700 producers, distributors and theater operators."[19] However, in later years the AFAA ceremony was increasingly accused of bias, with a "belief among some that the West Coast producers were controlling what films received the awards" after Amanda By Night was passed over for best film at the 1981 awards.[1] Starting with the awards presented in 1982, the AFAA decided to appoint an independent jury of three persons not associated with the adult film industry to make the final choices from the five finalists in each category.[1] Jurors subsequently included an assortment of men and women such as a sexologist,[21] author Robert Rimmer[1] and journalists such as Brendan Gill of The New Yorker[11] and other publications including Daily Variety, Playboy, USA Today and the Los Angeles Herald Examiner.[4][22]

However, criticism continued, especially for the best erotic scene victory of Virginia in 1984, which led to the founding of the X-Rated Critics Organization and its Heart-On Awards.[1] The role of adult film awards has been mostly supplanted by the AVN Awards, which also launched in 1984.

Credo

The AFAA had a credo that "recognized the responsibilities of adult filmmakers to the general public":[23] 1. That films of adult subject matter will be produced for and exhibited to adult audiences and that persons not of legal age will not be admitted. 2. That the definition of an "adult" is that designation set by the constituted authorities of the community but in no event any persons under the age of 18 years. 3. That we will produce and exhibit only films that are in conformity with the Free Speech Provisions of the Constitution of the United States of America. 4. That we will respect the privacy of the general public in our advertising and public displays. 5. That we in no manner will condone, produce or exhibit child pornography in any form.

Erotic Film Awards
Erotic Film Awards
Awarded forExcellence in erotic film
Sponsored byAdult Film Association of America
LocationLos Angeles, California
CountryUnited States
Presented byAdult Film Association of America
Hosted byDavid F. Friedman
Reward(s)Trophy
First awarded1977
Last awarded1986
Television/radio coverage
NetworkPlayboy TV

The AFAA awards were called the Erotic Film Awards and the trophy, known as the Erotica Award,[22] was a golden statuette "in the form of a shapely nude holding high a rampant spear in an obvious attitude of erotic excitement."[5] Winners are shown below in the year the awards were presented:

Best Picture
Year Award Recipient
1977 Winner The Opening of Misty Beethoven – L. Sultana[24]
Nominees Count the Ways – Virginia Ann Perry, producer[1][5]
1978 Winner Desires Within Young Girls – Harold Lime, producer[6][24]
Nominees
1979 Winner Legend of Lady Blue – John Byron[7][8]
Nominees Sex World, Take Off,[9] Bad Penny, Candy Stripers, China Cat, Debbie Does Dallas, Deep Roots, Dirty Lilly, Erotic Adventures of Candy, Fiona on Fire, Girls of Pussycat Ranch, Hot Skin, Little Girls Blue, Little Orphan Dusty, Pretty Peaches, Skin Flicks, Sweet Savage, The Health Spa, The Other Side of Julie[25]
1980 Winner Babylon Pink – Cecil Howard[24]
Nominees Easy, The Ecstasy Girls, Fantasy, Jack 'N' Jill, Pro Ball Cheerleaders[1][10][26][27]
1981 Winners (tie) Talk Dirty to Me – Jerry Ross; Urban Cowgirls – Cliff Stern & Laura Stevens, producers (Jet Productions)[28]
Nominees Amanda By Night,[1][19] Insatiable, The Budding of Brie[29]
1982 Winner Nothing to Hide – Bernardo Spinelli (Cal-Vista International)[24]
Finalists Neon Nights – Cecil Howard, Outlaw Ladies – Ron Sullivan & Eldon Byrd, Games Women Play – Chuck Vincent, Skintight – Mike De. Weldon[1][30]
1983 Winner Roommates – Chuck Vincent & Bill Slibodian, producers (Platinum Pictures)[24]
Finalists Body Talk – Tod Jonson, producer (Key Films); Foxtrot – Cecil Howard, producer (Command Cinema); Irresistible – Joe Steinman, executive producer (Essex Distributing); Undercovers – Anne Rhine, producer (Evolution Enterprises)[22]
1984 Winner The Devil in Miss Jones Part II – James George[20]
Finalists Flesh and Laces, Part I and II – Hollywood International; Little Girls Lost – Ted Roter; Naughty Girls Need Love Too – Essex; Reel People – Richard Frazzini; Suzie Superstar – Cal Vista International; That's Outrageous – P.R.P. Inc.[24]
1985 Winner Dixie Ray, Hollywood Star – Billy Thornberg[21]
Finalists Every Woman Has A Fantasy – Sandra Winters; Firestorm – Cecil Howard; L'amour – Marga Aulbach; Viva Vanessa – Nibo Films[31]
1986 Winner Taboo American Style (The Miniseries) – VCA
Finalists The Grafenberg Spot, Trashy Lady, Snake Eyes; New Wave Hookers[32]

Best Adult Video
Year Award Recipient
1986 Winner Dangerous Stuff – Cecil Howard (Command Video)
Finalists Angel's Revenge – Dick Miller; Black Throat – Gregory Dark; Erotic Zones, Part II – Caballero Control Corp.; The Woman In Pink – Essex[32]

Best Actress
Year Award Recipient Image
1977 Winner Jennifer Welles – Little Orphan Sammy
Veronica Hart, winner of the 1983 Best Actress Erotica Award, at the 2002 AVN Adult Entertainment Expo
Nominees Annette Haven[33]
1978 Winner Georgina Spelvin – Desires Within Young Girls[6]
Nominees
1979 Winner Desireé Cousteau – Pretty Peaches[7][8]
Nominees Abigail Clayton, Carol Connors, Samantha Fox, Amber Hunt, Gloria Leonard, Sharon Mitchell, Tamara Morgan, Rhonda Jo Petty, Maurene Spring, Serena, Sharon Thorpe, Bambi Woods[25]
1980 Winner Samantha Fox – Jack 'N' Jill[10][26]
Nominees Lesllie Bovee – Misbehavin', Gloria Leonard – All About Gloria Leonard, Candida Royalle – Proball Cheerleaders, Serena – Ecstasy Girls, Georgina Spelvin – For Richer For Poorer[27]
1981 Winner Samantha Fox – This Lady Is A Tramp[19]
Nominees
1982 Winner Georgina Spelvin – The Dancers
Finalists Chelsea Manchester – Nothing To Hide; Annette Haven – nominated twice, for Wicked Sensations & Skintight;[1] Mai Lin – Oriental Hawaii[30]
1983 Winner Veronica Hart – Roommates[24]
Finalists Samantha Fox – Undercovers; Kelly Nichols – Roommates; Loni Sanders – Never So Deep; Marlene Willoughby – Foxtrot[22]
1984 Winner Kelly Nichols – In Love[20]
Finalists Arlene Manhattan – Aphrodesia's Diary; Jessie St. James – Between Lovers; Georgina Spelvin – The Devil in Miss Jones Part II; Veronica Hart – Little Girls Lost; Shauna Grant – nominated twice, for Suzie Superstar & Virginia[24]
1985 Winner Rachel Ashley – Every Woman Has A Fantasy[21]
Finalists Angel – L'amour; Lisa De Leeuw – Dixie Ray, Hollywood Star; Victoria Jackson – Firestorm; Kelly Nichols – Great Sexpectations[31]
1986 Winner Gloria Leonard – Taboo American Style (The Miniseries)
Finalists Tish Ambrose – Corporate Assets; Laurie Smith – Snake Eyes; Ginger Lynn – nominated twice, for The Grafenberg Spot & Trashy Lady[32]

Best Actor
Year Award Recipient Image
1977 Winner Jamie Gillis – The Opening of Misty Beethoven[6]
John Leslie, four-time Best Actor Erotica Award winner, at the 2007 AVN Adult Entertainment Expo.
Nominees Harry Reems – Sex Wish; Tyler Horne; Carl Lacy; Ken Turner;[34] John Holmes[33]
1978 Winner Jamie Gillis – A Coming of Angels[6]
Nominees
1979 Winner Aldo Ray – Sweet Savage[7]
Nominees John Leslie, Richard Bolla, Wade Nichols,[8] Jess Chana, Joe Civera, Eric Edwards, Don Fernando, Robert Girard, John Holmes, Tony Hudson, William Margold[25]
1980 Winner Jamie Gillis – The Ecstasy Girls[10][26]
Nominees John C. Holmes – Blonde Fire;[27] John Leslie – Sensuous Detective;[27] Turk Lyon – Proball Cheerleaders;[27] Jack Wrangler – Jack 'N' Jill[27]
1981 Winner John Leslie – Talk Dirty To Me[19]
Nominees
1982 Winner John Leslie – Wicked Sensations
Finalists Randy West – Country Comfort;[1] Ron Jeremy – Bad Girls; John Leslie – also nominated for Nothing To Hide; Richard Bolla – Indecent Exposure[30]
1983 Winner John Leslie – Talk Dirty To Me Part II[24]
Finalists Eric Edwards – Titillation; Richard Pacheco – Irresistible; Jake Teague – Foxtrot; Steven Tyler – Body Talk[22]
1984 Winner Paul Thomas – Virginia[20]
Finalists Jack Wrangler – The Devil in Miss Jones Part II; Jamie Gillis – Flesh and Laces, Part I and II; Richard Pacheco – Naughty Girls Need Love Too; John Leslie – Suzie Superstar[24]
1985 Winner (tie) John Leslie – tie with himself, for both Dixie Ray, Hollywood Star & Every Woman Has A Fantasy[21]
Finalists Tom Byron – Kinky Business; Eric Edwards – Firestorm; Harry Reems – L'amour[31]
1986 Winner Jerry Butler – Snake Eyes
Finalists Paul Thomas – Taboo American Style (The Miniseries); Eric Edwards – Corporate Assets; Harry Reems – Trashy Lady; Jamie Gillis – Girls On Fire[32]

Best Supporting Actress
Year Award Recipient
1977 Winner Georgina Spelvin – Ping Pong
Nominees
1978 Winner Annette Haven – A Coming of Angels[6]
Nominees
1979 Winner Georgina Spelvin – Take Off[7][8]
Nominees Beth Anna, Lauria Cloud, Carol Connors, Colene Davis, Annette Haven, Arcadia Lake, Gloria Leonard, Molly Malone, Pat Manning, Kay Parker, Liz Renay, Sharon Thorpe, Eileen Wells[25]
1980 Winner Georgina Spelvin – The Ecstasy Girls[10][19][26]
Nominees Lisa De Leeuw – Proball Cheerleaders, Gloria Leonard – Misbehavin' , and Spelvin again in Easy & Fantasy[27]
1981 Winner Georgina Spelvin – Urban Cowgirls[19]
Nominees Gloria Leonard, Jessie St. James, Juliet Anderson, Vanessa del Rio[29]
1982 Winner Holly McCall – Nothing To Hide
Finalists Jessie St. James – Oriental Hawaii; Merle Michaels – Outlaw Ladies;[1] Lisa DeLeeuw – 8 to 4; Georgina Spelvin – Indecent Exposure[30]
1983 Winner Veronica Hart – Foxtrot[24]
Finalists Sharon Mitchell – Blue Jeans; Jessie St. James – Casanova Part II; Kay Parker – nominated twice, for Body Talk & Taboo II[22]
1984 Winner Kay Parker – Sweet Young Foxes[20]
Finalists Vanessa del Rio – Aphrodesia's Diary; Georgina Spelvin – Between Lovers; Samantha Fox – The Devil in Miss Jones Part II; Shauna Grant – Flesh and Laces, Part I and II; Anna Ventura – That's Outrageous[24]
1985 Winner Chelsea Blake – Great Sexpectations[21]
Finalists Kelly Nichols,[21] Ginger Lynn,[21] Sharon Kane[21]
1986 Winner Lisa De Leeuw – Raw Talent
Finalists Annette Haven – The Grafenberg Spot; Colleen Brennan – Hyapatia Lee's The Ribald Tales of Canterbury; Ginger Lynn – Girls On Fire; Amber Lynn – Trashy Lady[32]

Best Supporting Actor
Year Award Recipient Image
1977 Winner Carlos Tobalina[22][24] – Tell Them Johnny Wadd Is Here
Ron Jeremy, two-time Best Supporting Actor Erotica Award winner, at the "Free Speech Coalition Awards Annual Bash Event", November 2009.
Nominees
1978 Winner John Leslie – A Coming of Angels[6]
Nominees
1979 Winners (tie) Roger Caine – Bad Penny and John Seeman – Sweet Savage1
Nominees Ed Canon, Alan B. Colberg, John Holmes, Mike Ranger[25]
1980 Winner Bobby Astyr – People[10][26]
Nominees Jamie Gillis – Sensuous Detective, Frank Hollowell – Ecstasy Girls, John Seeman – Ms. Magnificent, Paul Thomas – Fantasy[27]
1981 Winner Richard Pacheco – Talk Dirty To Me[19]
Nominees Jamie Gillis, John Leslie, Joey Silvera, Randy West[29]
1982 Winners (tie) Richard Bolla – Outlaw Ladies and Richard Pacheco – Nothing To Hide[24]
Finalists John Leslie – Bad Girls; Paul Thomas – Wicked Sensations; Eric Edwards – Indecent Exposure[30]
1983 Winner Jamie Gillis – Roommates[24]
Finalists R. Bolla – Foxtrot; Richard Pacheco – Never So Deep; John Regis – Undercovers; Randy West – The Mistress[22]
1984 Winner Ron Jeremy – Suzie Superstar[20]
Finalists Eric Edwards – Bodies in Heat; R. Bolla – The Devil in Miss Jones Part II; John Leslie – Naughty Girls Need Love Too; Bill Margold – Sweet Alice; Billy Dee – Virginia[24]
1985 Winner Ron Jeremy – All The Way In[21]
Finalists
1986 Winner John Leslie – Taboo IV
Finalists Jack Baker – New Wave Hookers; Dennis Duggan – Hyapatia Lee's The Ribald Tales of Canterbury; John C. Holmes – Girls on Fire; Rick Savage – Trashy Lady[32]

Best Director
Year Award Recipient Image
1977 Winner Henry Paris – The Opening of Misty Beethoven
Pornographic film director Henri Pachard, three-time Best Director Erotica Award winner, at the 2006 Erotica Los Angeles convention.
Nominees
1978 Winner Alex de Renzy – Baby Face[6]
Nominees
1979 Winner Armand Weston – Take Off[7][8]
Nominees Beau Buchanan, Bob Chinn, Jim Clark, Gerard Damiano, Norm de Plume, Alex deRenzy, Claire Dia, A. Fabritzi, Ja Jaacovi, Gail Palmer, Ann Perry, Anthony Spinelli, Ken Schwartz, Mark Ubell, Johanna Williams[25]
1980 Winner Henri Pachard – Babylon Pink[10][26]
Nominees Anthony Spinelli – Easy, Robert McCallum – Ecstasy Girls, Gerard Damiano – Fantasy, Jack Genero – Proball Cheerleaders[27]
1981 Winner Tsanusdi – Urban Cowgirls[19]
Nominees
1982 Winner Anthony Spinelli – Nothing To Hide
Finalists Chuck Vincent – Games Women Play; Henri Pachard – Outlaw Ladies; Cecil Howard – Neon Nights; David I. Frazer & Svetlana – Bad Girls[30]
1983 Winner Chuck Vincent – Roommates[24]
Finalists Gerard Damiano – Never So Deep; Cecil Howard – Foxtrot; Henri Pachard – Mascara; Ann Rhine – Undercovers[22]
1984 Winner Henri Pachard – The Devil in Miss Jones Part II[20]
Finalists Troy Benny – Flesh and Laces, Part I and II; Ted Roter – Little Girls Lost; Anthony Spinelli – Reel People; Cecil Howard – Scoundrels; F. J. Lincoln – That's Outrageous; Vinnie Rossi – Too Much Too Soon; John Seeman – Virginia[24]
1985 Winner Anthony Spinelli – Dixie Ray, Hollywood Star[21]
Finalists Cecil Howard – Firestorm; Henri Pachard – Great Sexpectations; Marga Aulbach & Jack Remy – L'amour; Paul Vatelli – Stiff Competition[31]
1986 Winner Henri Pachard – Taboo American Style (The Miniseries)
Finalists Cecil Howard – Snake Eyes; Mitchell brothers – The Grafenberg Spot; Steve Scott – Trashy Lady; Gregory Dark – New Wave Hookers[32]

Best Screenplay
Year Award Recipient
1977 Winner The Opening of Misty Beethoven – Henry Paris[24]
Nominees Portrait of a Seduction[1]
1978 Winner Desires Within Young Girls – Edward E. Paramore III & Ramsey Karson[6]
Nominees
1979 Winner Legend of Lady Blue – A. Fabritzi[7][8]
Nominees Bad Penny, Dirty Lilly, Erotic Adventures of Candy, Girls of Pussycat Ranch, Hot Skin, Little Girls Blue, Little Orphan Dusty, Sweet Savage, Sex World, Take Off, The Health Spa[25]
1980 Winner The Ecstasy Girls – Bill Aaron & Ted Paramore[10][26]
Nominees Easy – Anthony Spinelli, Jack 'N' Jill – Billy S. Schaeffer, Misbehavin' – B. Slobodian/C. Vincent, Proball Cheerleaders – Jess Pearson[27]
1981 Winner The Budding of Brie – Dorris Borrow & Henri Pachard[19]
Nominees
1982 Winner The Dancers – Michael Ellis
Finalists Neon Nights – Anne Randall; Games Women Play – Chick Vincent & Jimmy James; Nothing to Hide – Michael Ellis; Outlaw Ladies – Henry Pachard[30]
1983 Winner Roommates – Chuck Vincent & Rick Marx[24]
Finalists Body Talk – Avon Coe & Art Lester; Never So Deep – Paula & Gerard Damiano; Foxtrot – Anne Randall; Undercovers – Anne Rhine; I Like To Watch – Paul Vatelli[22]
1984 Winner In Love – Rick Marx & Chuck Vincent
Finalists The Devil in Miss Jones Part II – Henri Pachard & Ellie Howard; Little Girls Lost – Ted Roter; Scoundrels – Anne Randall; That's Outrageous – F. J. Lincoln[24]
1985 Winner Dixie Ray, Hollywood Star – Dean Rogers[21]
Finalists
1986 Winner Raw Talent – Joyce Snyder[13]
Finalists Snake Eyes – Anne Randall; Taboo American Style (The Miniseries) – Henri Pachard & Rick Marx; Corporate Assets – Thomas Paine; Trashy Lady – Steve Scott & Will Kelly[32]

Best Erotic Scene
Year Award Recipient
1984 Winner Virginia – John Seeman, producer (the final scene with Paul Thomas & Shauna Grant was the one shown at the awards ceremony)[35]
Finalists Aphrodesia's Diary – Serge Lincoln; Flesh and Laces, Part I and II – Hollywood International; Hot Dreams – Warren Evans; Reel People – Richard Frazzini; Sexcapades – David Stone; Suzie Superstar – Cal Vista International[24]
1985 Winner Firestorm – Cecil Howard (the "red scene" group grope with Victoria Jackson, George Payne, Sharon Kane & Michael Bruce)[21]
Finalists Body Girls – Caribbean Films; Good Girl/Bad Girl; Stud Hunters – Suze Randall; Trinity Brown – Cal Vista International[31]
1986 Winners (tie) New Wave Hookers – Gregory Dark (the three-way scene with Ginger Lynn, Steve Powers & Tom Byron) and Passage Thru Pamela – Buncco, Inc. (the transsexual scene)[4]
Finalists The Grafenberg Spot – Mitchell brothers; Snake Eyes – Cecil Howard; Too Good To Be True – Cottonwood Productions[32]

Best Foreign Film
Year Award Recipient Image
19772 Winner Les félines (France) in French (a.k.a. The Felines) – Daniel Daërt (Rita Films)[5][22] France
Nominees No other nominees[33]
1978 Winner Bel Ami (Sweden) (a.k.a. For Men Only) – (Mature Films)[6] Sweden
Nominees
1979 Winner Joy of Fooling Around (France) – Jack Matthews & Pierre DuBois (Cal Vista)[8][22][25] France
Nominees
1980 Winner Librianna, Bitch of the Black Sea (Russia)3 – (Evolution Enterprises)[10][22][26] Soviet Union
Nominees Sensational Janine – (Leisure Time Booking), Sex Roulette – (Leisure Time Booking)[27]
19812 Winner Ta mej i dalen (Sweden) in Swedish (a.k.a. Practice Makes Perfect) – (Cal Vista)[19][22] Sweden
Nominees

Best Musical Score
Year Award Recipient
1977 Winner Les félines – Vladimir Cosma[5]
Nominees
1978 Winner Seven Into Snowy – Mayloo Music4 [6][22]
Nominees
1979 Winner Sex World – Berry Lipman[22]
Nominees Candy Stripers, Deep Roots, Erotic Adventures of Candy, Legend of Lady Blue, Little Orphan Dusty, Sex Flicks, Sweet Savage, Take Off, The Health Spa[25]
1980 Winner The Ecstasy Girls – Ronni Romanovitch[10][19][22][26]
Nominees For Richer For Poorer – Gerard Damiano; Frat House – Sven Conrad; Libriana, Bitch of the Black Sea – Bob Freeman; Ms. Magnificent – Lon Jon; Telefantasy – Pacific Coast[27]
1981 Winner Amanda By Night – Ronny Romanovitch[22]
Nominees
1982 Winner Rhinestone Cowgirls – Randy Rivera[22]
Finalists Outlaw Ladies – Jhana Productions; Nothing To Hide – Ronny Romanouvich; The Dancers – Chet Moore and Jim Moore; Beauty Pageant – Bob Lind; Bad Girls – Bill King[30]
1983 Winner Roommates – Jonathan Hannah[24]
Finalists Body Talk – David Henry; Irresistible – Geoffrey Pekofsky; The Mistress – Ronny Romanovitch; I Like To Watch – 3 Bells West[22]
1984 Winner Suzie Superstar – Horizon[11][35]
Finalists The Devil in Miss Jones Part II – Barry Levitt; Scoundrels – David Ogrin & Peter Lewis; That's Outrageous – Vern Carlson; Too Much Too Soon – Shamus Music[24]
1985 Winner Firestorm – Peter Lewis & David Ogrin[21]
Finalists All The Way In; L'amour – Daniel Boules; Stud Hunters – George Michaelski; Dixie Ray, Hollywood Star – Daryll Keen[31]
1986 Winner New Wave Hookers – The Plugz[4]
Finalists Hyapatia Lee's The Ribald Tales of Canterbury – Lexi Hunter; Squalor Motel – Slavin[32]

Best Song
Year Award Recipient
1977 Winner "Sammy — Fast and Slow"[33] from Little Orphan Sammy – Dave Wolff & Art Resnick[5][22]
Nominees
1978 Winner "Once Upon a Dream" from Seven Into Snowy – Antonio Shepherd[6][22]
Nominees
1979 Winner "Take Off" from Take Off – Elephant's Memory[8][22]
Nominees "Six Tits In A Row" from Chorus Call;[7] "It Hurts" from Candy Stripers;[9] "Lonely Without You" from Deep Roots; "Long After I'm Gone" from Disco Lady; "Candy" from Erotic Adventures of Candy; "The Ranchand" from Girls of Pussycat Ranch; "Skin" from Hot Skin; "Little Blue Box" from Little Blue Box; "Sex World" from Sex World[25]
1980 Winner "This Time We Might Make It" from The Ecstasy Girls – Ronni Romanovitch[10][22][26]
Nominees "Leonard's Theme" from All About Gloria Leonard; "One Page of Love" from Two Sisters; "Small Town Girls" from Small Town Girls[1][27]
1981 Winner Title song from Vista Valley PTA – Ben Dorsett[19][22]
Nominees
1982 Winner "Glory Bound" from Rhinestone Cowgirls – Randy Rivera[22]
Finalists "Saran Lakes" from Outlaw Ladies; "Nothing To Lose" from Nothing To Hide; "8 To 4" theme from 8 To 4; "Neon Nights" theme from Neon Nights; "Beautiful Forever" from Centerfold Fever[30]
1983 Winners (tie) "Foxtrot" from Foxtrot and "With You" from Roommates5
Finalists "Undercover Man" from Undercovers; "Dirty Talk" from Talk Dirty To Me II; "Never Love a Single Man" from The Mistress[22]
1984 Winner "If I Love You Tonight" from Suzie Superstar[11][35]
Finalists "Sexy Faces" from Flesh and Laces, Part I and II; "It's Just The Devil In Miss Jones" from The Devil in Miss Jones Part II; "Little Girls Lost" from Little Girls Lost; "That First Love" from In Love; "A Woman In Love" from Between Lovers; "The Young Like It Hot" from The Young Like It Hot; "Outrageous" from That's Outrageous[24]
1985 Winner "Firestorm Theme" from Firestorm[21]
Finalists "Body Girls Theme" from Body Girls; "Girls Just Want To" from Girls Just Want To...; "Letting Go" from Lady Dynamite; "L'amour" from L'amour[31]
1986 Winner "Electrify Me" from New Wave Hookers – Dark Brothers[4]
Finalists "Country Boy" from Too Good To Be True; "Roll Me Over" from The Grafenberg Spot; "Reggae Theme Song" from Raw Talent; "The Ribald Tales of Canterbury" from Hyapatia Lee's The Ribald Tales of Canterbury – Lexi Hunter[32]

Best Art and Set Decoration
Year Award Recipient
1977 Winner Les félines – Andre Gillette[5][22]
Nominees
1978 Winner Desires Within Young Girls – Brent Barrydown[6][22]
Nominees
19796 Winner Sex World – Bill Wolf[8][22]
Nominees Candy Stripers, Captain Lust, Erotic Adventures of Candy, Health Spa, Legend of Lady Blue, Girls of Pussycat Ranch, Skin Flicks, Sweet Savage, Take Off[25]
19806 Winner The Ecstasy Girls – Valdesta[10][26]
Nominees All About Gloria Leonard – Howard A. Howard; Fantasy – P. Reisenwitz/G. Damiano; For Richer For Poorer – Gerard Damiano; Small Town Girls – Ektor Carranza[27]
1981 Winner Urban Cowgirls – Ektor Carranza[19][22]
Nominees
1982 Winner Pandora's Mirror – Maria Ranoldi[22]
Finalists Outlaw Ladies – Eddie Heath; Games Women Play – Pat Finnegan; Bad Girls – Svetlana; Nothing To Hide – B. C. Lewis & Marti Maxwell; Oriental Hawaii – Eddie Duncan[30]
1983 Winner Café Flesh – Paul Berthell[22]/Steve Sayadian[24]
Finalists Body Talk – Avon Coe & Art Lester; Blonde Goddess – Bill Eagle; Casanova Part II – Maria Pia Tobalina; Foxtrot – Oslak Vabo & Anne Randall[22]
1984 Winner ...In The Pink – Andre Nichipolodas[35]
Finalists The Devil in Miss Jones Part II – Eddie Heath; Scoundrels – Lynn Jefferies; Suzie Superstar – Robert McCallum; Virginia – Karen Fields[24]
1985 Winner Dixie Ray, Hollywood Star – Brian Costales[21]
Finalists
1986 Winner Dames – Jules Burke[4]
Finalists Trashy Lady – Steve Scott; Hyapatia Lee's The Ribald Tales of Canterbury – Redi-Set; New Wave Hookers – Pez. D. Spenser; Squalor Motel – Michelle Seffman[32]

Best Cinematography
Year Award Recipient
1977 Winner Femmes de Sade – Alex de Renzy[5][22]
Nominees
1978 Winner Baby Face – Alex de Renzy[6][22][24]
Nominees
1979 Winner Take Off – Joao Fernandez[7][8][22]
Nominees Captain Lust, Erotic Adventures of Candy, Hot Skin, Legend of Lady Blue, Little Girls Blue, Pretty Peaches, Sweet Savage, The Health Spa[25]
1980 Winner The Ecstasy Girls – Mike Stryker[10][24][26]
Nominees Fantasy – Harry Flecks, Jack 'N' Jill – Larry Revine, People – J. Fernandes/J. McCalmont, Proball Cheerleaders – Jack Genero[27]
1981 Winner Urban Cowgirls – Ken Gibb[19][22]
Nominees
1982 Winners (tie) Games Women Play – Larry Revene and Nothing To Hide – Jack Remy[22]
Finalists Skintight – Mike Stryker; Outlaw Ladies – Leroy Reoene; Bad Girls – Jean Petrov; Oriental Hawaii – Carlos Tobalina[30]
1983 Winner Foxtrot – Felix Daniels & Charles K. White[24]
Finalists Never So Deep – Harry Flex; Roommates – Larry Revene; Casanova Part II – Carlos Tobalina; I Like To Watch – Paul G. Vatelli[22]
1984 Winner Virginia – Rahn Vickery[11][20][35]
Finalists Aphrodesia's Diary – Gerard Loubeau; The Devil in Miss Jones Part II – Larry Revene; Flesh and Laces, Part I and II – Carlos Tobalina; Glitter – Roberta Findlay; Suzie Superstar – Robert McCallum[24]
1985 Winner Dixie Ray, Hollywood Star – Fred Andes[21]
Finalists
1986 Winner Trashy Lady – Tom Howard[4]
Finalists Snake Eyes – Sven Nuvo; The Grafenberg Spot – Jon Fontana; Beverly Hills Exposed – Robert McCallum; New Wave Hookers – Jr. "Speedy" Bodden[32]

Best Costume Design
Year Award Recipient
1977 Winner Femmes de Sade – Carol Maniscalco[5][22]
Nominees No other nominees[33]
1978 Winner Baby Face – Carol Maniscalo[6][22]
Nominees
1979 Winner Take Off – Alexis Blassini[7][8][22]
Nominees Candy Stripers, Captain Lust, Erotic Adventures of Candy, Health Spa, Little Girls Blue, Pretty Peaches, Star Babe, Sweet Savage[25]
1980 Winner Chopstix, the Motion Picture – Foreign Delights[10][22][26]
Nominees Ecstasy Girls – Valdesta; Libriana, Bitch of the Black Sea – Pezda Vanutcka; Ms. Magnificent – Debbie Shine; Proball Cheerleaders – Marie Christie[27]
1981 Winner Urban Cowgirls – Cheree Eastmore[19][22]
Nominees
1982 Winner Country Comfort – Sarah Yesko[22]
Finalists Games Women Play – Eddie Heath; Oriental Hawaii – Maria Pia Tobalina; Bad Girls – Cindy Matzker; Pandora's Mirror – Renata Ranoldi[30]
1983 Winner 1001 Erotic Nights – Victoria Donne[24]
Finalists Café Flesh – Polly Ester; Blue Jeans – Fran Schifrin & Guiliana Schnitzler; Irresistible – Debbie Shine; Casanova Part II – Maria Pia Tobalina[22]
1984 Winner The Devil in Miss Jones Part II – Eddie Heath[11][35]
Finalists Between Lovers – Raynor Shine; Scoundrels – Lynn Jefferies; Suzie Superstar – Enjoy Costumes[24]
1985 Winner Sexorama – Dani Morrison[36]
Finalists
1986 Winner Dames – Raynor Shine[4]
Finalists Bordello – Eddy Heath; Hyapatia Lee's The Ribald Tales of Canterbury – Sheri Eastmore; New Wave Hookers – Gregory Dark & John D. Arc; Trashy Lady – Arley[32]

Best Editing
Year Award Recipient
1977 Winner The Opening of Misty Beethoven – Henry Paris[5][22]
Nominees
1978 Winner Baby Face – Richard Chasen & Bill Westwick[6][22]
Nominees
1979 Winner Legend of Lady Blue – Vilmos Vasquez[7][8][22]
Nominees Bad Penny, China Cat, Deep Roots, Erotic Adventures of Candy, Here Comes the Bride, Hot Skin, Little Girls Blue, Pretty Peaches, Sensual Encounters, Sex World, The Health Spa[25]
1980 Winner Jack 'N' Jill – Martha Ubell[10][22][26]
Nominees Chopstix – Mason Girard; Ecstasy Girls – Terrance O'Riely; Fantasy – P. Riesenwitz/G. Damiano; Misbehavin' – Chuck Vincent; Proball Cheerleaders – Cine Enterprises[27]
1981 Winner Talk Dirty To Me – Tim McDonald[19][22]
Nominees
1982 Winner Outlaw Ladies – Arlo Schiffin[22]
Finalists Nothing to Hide – Terrance O' Reilly; Games Women Play – James Macreading; Bad Girls – David I. Frazer; Skintight – Hayes Dupree[30]
1983 Winner Roommates – James Macreading[24]
Finalists Never So Deep – Paula & Gerard Damiano; Talk Dirty To Me II – Tim McDonald; The Mistress – Terrance O'Reilly; Café Flesh – Snowflake Films; Foxtrot – Oslak Vabo[22]
1984 Winners (tie) The Devil in Miss Jones Part II – Ted Ryan and Virginia – Farouk Ibenson & Skip Mason[11][35]
Finalists Flesh and Laces, Parts I and II – Rob Freeman & Alberto Soria; Glitter – Roberta Findlay; Too Much Too Soon – Snowflake Films[24]
1985 Winner Dixie Ray, Hollywood Star – Peter Stootsberry & Frank A. Coe[21]
Finalists
1986 Winners (tie) Taboo American Style (The Miniseries) – Jim McReading and Snake Eyes – Oslak Vabo[4]
Finalists Trashy Lady – Steve Scott; Passion Pit – Michele M. Bale; The Adventures of Rick Quick – Kristin Leavenworth[32]

Best Trailer
Year Award Recipient
1977 Winner Little Orphan Sammy – D. W. Productions[5]
Nominees The Double Exposure of Holly – Ronan O'Casey[33]
1978 Winner Baby Face – Alex de Renzy[6][22]
Nominees
1979 Winner Little Girls Blue – Johanna Williams
Nominees Candy Stripers, China Cat, Chorus Call, Debbie Does Dallas, Dirty Lilly, Deep Roots, Erotic Adventures of Candy, Health Spa, Legend of Lady Blue, Little Blue Box, Little Orphan Dusty, Sensual Encounter, Skin Flicks[25]
1980 Winner Easy – Terry Chiappe, Cal Vista[10][19][22][26]
Nominees Ecstasy Girls – Terrance O'Riely, Fantasy – P.R.P., Frat House – Richard Aldrich, Jack 'N' Jill – Chuck Vincent, Proball Cheerleaders – Jack Genero[27]
1981 Winner Vista Valley PTA – Cal Vista[19][22]
Nominees
1982 Winners (tie) Skintight – Hayes Dupree and The Dancers – Terrance O'Reilly[24]
Finalists Neon Nights – Cecil Howard; Bad Girls – David I. Frazer & Svetlana; Games Women Play – James Macreading[30]
1983 Winners (tie) Foxtrot – Oslak Vabo, Anne Randall & Cecil Howard; Never So Deep – Paula & Gerard Damiano[24]
Finalists Body Talk – Diamond Cutting; Erotic Adventures of Lolita – John Donnally; Roommates – James Macreading[22]
1984 Winner Virginia – Farouk Ibenson & Lynn Elaine[11][20][35]
Finalists Flesh and Laces, Part I and II – Bob Freeman & Alberto Soria; Reel People – Terrance O'Reilly; Suzie Superstar – Sam Norrell; That's Outrageous – Jack Baker; Too Much Too Soon – Snowflake Films[24]
1985 Winner Firestorm[36]
Finalists
1986 Winner New Wave Hookers – Gregory Dark & Jane Waters[4]
Finalists Snake Eyes – Oslak Vabo; Girls On Fire – Barry Cleve; Passion Pit – Michele M. Bale; Passage Thru Pamela – Firth Demule; Beverly Hills Exposed – Terrance O'Reilly[32]

Best Advertising Campaign
Year Award Recipient
1977 Winner Les félines – Nancy B. Grant[5][22]
Nominees The Double Exposure of Holly – Ronan O'Casey[33]
1978 Winner Eruption – Chet Collom[6][22]
Nominees
1979 Winner Pretty Peaches – Les Natali[22]
Nominees Debbie Does Dallas, Deep Roots, Erotic Adventures of Candy, Girls of Pussycat Ranch, Here Comes the Bride, Legend of Lady Blue, Little Blue Box, Little Orphan Dusty, Sensual Encounter, Sweet Dreams of Mona Q, The Health Spa, The Other Side of Julie[25]
1980 Winner Babylon Pink – Win-Van[10][22][26]
Nominees All About Gloria Leonard – F. A. Davidson, Easy – Chet Collom, Ecstasy Girls – Sampson & Cramer, Jack 'N' Jill – Frank Csoka, Proball Cheerleaders – Chet Collom[27]
1981 Winner Vista Valley PTA – Chet Collom[19][22]
Nominees
1982 Winner Nothing To Hide – Jimmie Johnson[22]
Finalists Bad Girls – Svetlana; Neon Nights – Cecil Howard; Games Women Play – Jim Johnson & Penelope Gottlieb; Oriental Hawaii – Maria Pia Tobalina[30]
1983 Winner Body Talk – Nancy Villigran[24]
Finalists Foxtrot – Cecil Howard; Erotic Adventures of Lolita – Jimmy Johnson; I Like To Watch – Berson Lewis; Roommates – Shorelane Benet Advertising[22]
1984 Winner Virginia – Walnut Advertising[11][20]
Finalists Aphrodesia's Diary – Sampson Advertising; Bodies In Heat – Chet Collom; Scoundrels – Cecil Howard; Suzie Superstar – Jim Houston and Associates; Walnut Advertising was also nominated for Little Girls Lost & Reel People[24]
1985 Winner L'Amour – Marga Aulbach & Debbie Rubio[36]
Finalists
1986 Winner Girls on Fire – Walnut Advertising & Murray Perlstein[4]
Finalists New Wave Hookers – Cynthia Patterson; Pleasures of Innocence – Walnut Advertising; Marianne Burton was nominated twice for Passion Pit & Sex Crimes 2084[32]

Special Awards
Year Award Recipient Image
1977 Deep Throat Award Plymouth Films, producers of Deep Throat, for its box-office success[5][33]
Deep Throat theatrical release poster
Best Adult Film 1955-60 Tonight for Sure – Francis Ford Coppola 7
Best Adult Film 1961-65 Not Tonight, Henry! – Ted Paramore beat Sinderella and the Golden Bra[33] 7
Best Adult Film 1966-70 Trader Hornee[5][23] – David F. Friedman beat Starlet (also by Friedman)[33]
Best Adult Film 1971-75 Sometime Sweet Susan[5][23] beat The Devil in Miss Jones[33]
Literary Man of the Year Prof. Arthur Knight, film critic, historian, and teacher at the University of Southern California film school[33]
1978 Man of the Year Larry Flynt, publisher of Hustler, and Gene Reeves, the attorney who was with him when Flynt was shot on March 6, 1978, in Georgia.[6]
Literary Man of the Year Al Goldstein[6]
Best Media Man Bruce Williamson of Playboy[6]
1979 Literary Man of the Year Dr. Wardell B. Pomeroy of the Institute for Sex Research[8]
1980 Media Man of the Year Jim Harwood of Daily Variety[37]
1981 Media Man of the Year David Shute[28]
Woman of the Year Virginia Ann Perry-Rhine, a past AFAA president[28]
Man of the Year Award David F. Friedman, a past AFAA president and current board chairman[30]
Pioneer Woman of the Year Ava Leighton[28]
Pioneer Man of the Year Dan Sonney[28]
1982
1983 Pioneer Man of the Year Award Louis K. Sher[22]
Life Achievement Award Vincent Miranda[22]
1984 Award of Merit Dr. Lois Lee, founder of Children of the Night, on which Children of the Night was partially based on.[35]
1985 Pioneer of the Year Award Paul Mart[36]

Lifetime Achievement Awards

After the Erotic Film Awards were discontinued, the association resumed presenting Lifetime Achievement Awards at its annual "Night of the Stars" fundraising event, starting in mid-1988. When the association merged into the Free Speech Coalition in late 1992, the new coalition took over the tradition.

Actresses

Actors

Directors

Joel T. Warner 'Good Guy' Award

Hal Freeman 'Freedom Isn't Free' Award

Notes

^1 Adam Film World recorded the winner of this category in 1979 as having been a tie between Roger Caine and John Seeman.[8] Cinema-X magazine recorded Roger Caine as the sole winner.[25]

^2 This award was called "Best Foreign Language Film" at the 1977 and 1981 awards shows. It was not awarded after 1981.

^3 IMDb states this movie, while advertised as the first X-rated movie made in Russia, was actually made in the U.S.[39]

^4 Adam Film World reported both Seven Into Snowy as winner of "Best Musical Score" and also Get Your Nose Out Of My Pantyhose won "Best Original Musical Score", a different award,[6] in 1978. However, the AFAA's seventh and eighth annual programs, which list previous years' winners, make no mention of Get Your Nose Out of My Pantyhose or any separate "Original" score award. As well, IMDb states "Get Your Nose Out of My Pantyhose" is not a movie, but a song from a movie called Breaker Beauties, so Adam Film World's report of an "Original" score award may be erroneous.

^5 The official 8th Annual AFAA Erotic Film Awards program lists both songs as having won the award,[24] however Jim Holliday's Only the Best book only mentions "With You" from Roommates as winning.[23] Cheri magazine's coverage of the awards doesn't mention the category at all.[11]

^6 This award was called "Best Production Values" at the 1979 and 1980 awards shows.[10][22][24]

^7 Adam Film World[5]' and Cinema Blue[33] coverage of the first Erotica Awards both listed Not Tonight, Henry! as having won "Best Adult Film 1961-65" and Tonight For Sure as having won "Best Adult Film 1955-60". However, Not Tonight, Henry! premiered Dec. 30, 1960[40] in Los Angeles, while Tonight For Sure premiered in L.A., Oct. 25, 1962,[40] so it's likely an error by the AFAA resulted in each film being given the award for the other's time period. Nominee Sinderella and the Golden Bra was listed in the correct time period. Jim Holliday's book, Only the Best, lists the movies as having won in the correct time periods, however.[23]

References
  1. Robert Rimmer, The X-Rated Videotape Guide, Prometheus Books, 1993. ISBN 0-87975-799-X
  2. Jeremy Stone, "1992: The Year in Porn", Adam Film World Guide, May 1993, pp. 6-7 & 76
  3. Russell, Carrie A. "Adult Film Association of America". mtsu.edu. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  4. "10th Annual Erotic Awards," Adam Film World, January 1987, p. 7
  5. Thomas H. Hilton, "The First Annual Erotica Awards", Adam Film World, December 1977, pp. 18-21.
  6. Frank Thistle, "The Second Annual Erotica Awards," Adam Film World, January 1979, pp. 24-27, 72.
  7. "Silver Spoonfuls: A Star Is Porn," High Society magazine, November 1979, pp. 8-9.
  8. Jules Griffon, "The Third Annual Erotica Awards", Adam Film World, Vol. 7, No. 8, January 1980, pp. 24–27.
  9. Ken Gaul, "California Split—Oscar Night in XXX-Film Land," Genesis magazine, January 1980, pp. 58-60.
  10. Richard Milner, "Erotica '80 Awards", Porn Stars, the Stag Erotic Series, November–December 1980, pp. 86-89.
  11. "Go for Bold: Stars and stares compete at the 8th Annual Erotica Awards," Cheri Magazine, July 1984, pp. 14-17.
  12. "Winners, Sinners & Skin", Cheri magazine, November 1983, pp. 32-37.
  13. Candida Royalle, "Porn On Parade: The 1986 AFAA Awards", Cheri Magazine, Vol. 11, No. 6, January 1987, pp.40–41.
  14. Sam Williams, "Gloria Leonard" feature, XBIZ.com, Dec. 6, 2006; retrieved June 1, 2012
  15. "Award Winners: Adult Film Association of America Erotica Award", Adam Film World Guide, Vol. 3, No. 12, March 1988, p. 11
  16. Bob Johnson, "Free Speech Coalition Reaches 20-Year Milestone Fighting the Good Fight," Archived 2014-02-02 at the Wayback Machine Xbiz.com, retrieved June 28, 2012
  17. "The Life Of Legendary Porn Actress Gloria Leonard". discountadultshopping.com. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
  18. History of the Free Speech Coalition, Archived at: Archived May 13, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  19. "The 5th Annual Erotica Awards", Adam Film World Guide, May 1982, pp. 24-26.
  20. Kent Smith, "The 8th Annual Erotica Awards", Adam Film World Guide, Vol. 2, No. 2, August 1984, pp. 22–25.
  21. "Film Strips: 'X' Marks the Spot," Cheri Magazine, January 1986, pp. 12-19.
  22. AFAA, "Seventh Annual Erotica Awards," official program, June 23, 1983.
  23. Jim Holliday, Only the Best, Cal Vista, 1986.
  24. AFAA, "8th Annual AFAA Erotic Film Awards," official program, March 14, 1984.
  25. "The Adult Film Association of America Presents The Third Annual Erotica Awards", Cinema-X magazine, Vol. 1, No. 1, January 1980, pp. 26–29.
  26. Jules Griffon, "The Fourth Annual Erotica Awards," Adam Film World, Vol. 8, No. 2, January 1981, pp. 15-19.
  27. Hart Williams, "The 4th Annual Erotica Awards 1980", Video X magazine, Vol. 1, No. 10, December–January 1981, pp. 31–35, 55, with sidebar "Final Ballot – The 1980 Erotica Awards"
  28. Jules Griffon, "The Fifth Annual Erotica Awards," Adam Film World, Vol. 8 No. 8, January 1982, pp. 20–23, 54.
  29. Carl Esser, "Fifth Annual Erotica Awards", Club magazine, Vol. 7 Issue 10, November 1981, pp. 8–9.
  30. AFAA, "Sixth Annual Erotica Awards," official program, July 8, 1982.
  31. AFAA, "Ninth Annual Erotica Awards," official program, July 1985
  32. AFAA, "Xth Annual Erotic Film Awards: A Decade of Decadence," official program, June 26, 1986.
  33. "The Blue Oscars," Cinema Blue, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 12–14
  34. "King Jamie", Cinema Blue, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 15–19.
  35. AFAA, 8th Annual AFAA Erotic Film Awards video, 1984
  36. "The AFAA Eroticas: One More Time," Adam, November 1985, p. 64
  37. "The 4th Annual Erotic Awards," Adam Film World Guide, May 1981, pp. 22-26
  38. Adam Film World Guide 2004 Directory of Adult Films, page 305.
  39. Librianna, Bitch of the Black Sea at IMDb
  40. "AFI CATALOG". afi.com. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
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