Affine pricing

In economics, affine pricing is a situation where buying more than zero of a good gains a fixed benefit or cost, and each purchase after that gains a per-unit benefit or cost.

Calculation

Denoting T is the total price paid, q is the quantity in units purchased, p is a constant price per unit, and k is the fixed cost, the affine price is then calculated by .[1]

In mathematical language, the price is an affine function (sometimes also linear function) of the quantity bought. An example would be a cell phone contract where a base price is paid each month with a per-minute price for calls.

Sliding-scale price contracts achieve a similar effect, although the terms are stated differently. The price decreases with volume produced, achieving the same financial transfer over time, but the transaction is always based on units sold, with the fixed cost amortized into the price of each unit.

References
  1. Jean Tirole, 1988, The Theory of Industrial Organisation, p. 136
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