Ajanbahu Jatbasha

Ajanbahu Jatbasha (also known as Jatba or King Jatav) is considered by historians to be founder of the Gond dynasty of Chhindwara and Nagpur, which ruled the present days territories of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and part of Maharashtra in the 16th-18th centuries. Documentation of his origins and rise to power have not survived, but he is the first historical leader of the mountain Gondi people.[2][3]

Jatba
Maharaja
King of Deogarh
Reign1580–1620 or 1542–1602[1]
PredecessorRansur and Ghansur
SuccessorDal Shah
Died1620 or 1602[1]
IssueDal Shah, Durg Shah, Kok Shah and Kesari Shah
Names
Ajanbahu Jatbasha
HouseGonds of Deogarh
DynastyRajgond

Background

The title ajanbahu means "his arms were long and his fingers reached up to his knees when standing". His family surname was "Uike". Originally, the Gond house of Devagad hailed from Haraya or Harayagad, but later on it was shifted to Devagad about 24 miles from Haraya under Jatba.[4][5][6]

Reign

The Gauli princes were the predecessors to the Gond house of Deogarh, ruling for 70 years from 1472 to 1542.[1]

The Gond dynasty of Deogarh was founded by Jatba.[3] The Indian Antiquities says that Jatba was a servant under two Gaoli princes, Ransur and Ghansur, and that he treacherously deposed them.[6][7][8] In 1600, during the reign of Krishna Shah[5] (1597-1647), the Gond king of Chanda, the independence of the Deogarh kingdom was recognized by a treaty.[9] By this time the Gond house of Chanda had weakened and Jatba forced it to recognize its independence.[5] thereafter the Gonds of Chanda were hostile towards Deogarh.[6] Jatba extended his kingdom as far as Nagpur, constructing a fort there as an outpost.[9][4] He gave jagirs mostly to Gondi people, Korku people and Ahirs. He gave the Chhater zamindari toGond zamindar of Fatehpur-Tekripur by a sanad in 1595.[6]

He was succeeded by one of his sons, Dal Shah in 1620.[6]

Relations with the Mughals

In 1564, Akbar's general Khwaja Abdul Majid Asaf Khan had attacked Panna and made it a feudatory state. Then he attacked & defeated Garha-Katanga ruled by Rani Durgavati and made it also a feudatory state with reduced boundaries. However, hee did not invade Deogarh and treated it as a border semi-independent state. He was satisfied with Deogarh accepting his suzerainty. The Mughal governors of the province allowed the Deogarh rulers to rule of their territory on payment of yearly tribute.[6]

The Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl records that Jatba, the Gond king of Deogarh, was an ennobled vassal of Akbar and was paying annual tribute to him.[3] It is said that Akbar visited Deogarh during Jatba's reign.[10]

The Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl says that Jatba possessed 2,000 horses, 50,000 foot soldiers and 100 elephants[6]- "To the east of the Kherla Sarkar lay the territories of a zamindar named Chatwa who possessed 2000 cavalry, 50,000 footmen and more than 100 elephants". This 'Chatwa' was probably Jatba.[7][11] Maharaja Jatba visited the Mughal emperor Jahangir in 1616.[1]

References
  1. Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis: Stockholm studies in comparative religion. Almquist & Wiksell. 1961.
  2. Mehta, Behram Hormasji (1984). Gonds of The Central Indian Highlands, Volume 1. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 274. OCLC 311585129.
  3. Congress, Indian History (1950). Proceedings. Indian History Congress.
  4. Medieval PERIOD (Complete History of Nagpur). 16 July 2021.
  5. Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112050248951 and Others. 2013.
  6. Sane, Hemant. DEOGARH-NAGPUR GOND DYNASTY.docx.
  7. Census of India, 1991: District census handbook, A & B. Village and town directory : village & townwise primary census abstract 24 v. : Bhind (in Hindi). Directorate of Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh. 1997.
  8. Mehta, Behram H. (1984). Gonds of the Central Indian Highlands. Concept Publishing Company.
  9. Deogaonkar, Shashishekhar Gopal (2007). The Gonds of Vidarbha. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-474-5.
  10. Pradesh (India), Madhya (1992). Madhya Pradesh: Balaghat. Government Central Press.
  11. Sil, Jogendra Nath (1917). History of the Central Provinces and Berar. J.N. Sil.
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