Albert Karubuy

Karubuy was born in Miei-Wandamen, Manokwari, on 5 January 1915. He went to the Zending People's School, a mission school established by the Dutch missionaries in Papua. After passing from the school, he migrated to Surabaya, and studied in the Centrale Burgerlijke Ziekenhuis (transl. Central Civil Hospital) of Surabaya. He graduated in 1929.[4]

After graduating, he was ordered by Soetomo to return to Papua. He went to Hollandia (now Jayapura) and worked at a settlement hospital in 1933. He resigned from the job in 1937, and returned to Surabaya to study from Soetomo. He returned two years later, and worked at a settlement hospital in Luwu, South Maluku. He resigned from the job in 1941 due to the unaccepted circumstances from the job.[4]

After his studies in Surabaya, Karubuy joined Indonesia Muda (transl. Young Indonesia) and Persatuan Bangsa Indonesia (transl. Indonesian Nation Unity). He actively participated in the protests organized by both organizations, and was arrested by the veld politie. Soon after, he and his friends were released and went back to school.[4]

During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, he was arrested due to his reluctance to cooperate with the Japanese authorities. He was released after the independence of Indonesia, and he went to South Maluku to participate in the guerrilla against the oncoming Dutch forces as a health staff. He was arrested for 18 months by the Dutch authorities in 1946. After being released, Karubuy joined the "Indonesian Tigers" forces, commanded by Robert Wolter Mongisidi, against Raymond Westerling.[5]

In 1962, he was sent to New York City as part of the Indonesian delegation lead by Subandrio alongside other Papuan representatives which include J.A. Dimara, Silas Papare, Frits Kirihio, M. Indey, and Efraim Somisu,[6] which culminated with the New York Agreement.[7]