Albert Sarraut

Albert-Pierre Sarraut (French: [albɛʁ saʁo]; 28 July 1872 – 26 November 1962) was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic.

Albert Sarraut
Sarraut in 1932
Prime Minister of France
In office
24 January 1936 – 4 June 1936
PresidentAlbert Lebrun
Preceded byPierre Laval
Succeeded byLéon Blum
In office
26 October 1933 – 26 November 1933
PresidentAlbert Lebrun
Preceded byÉdouard Daladier
Succeeded byCamille Chautemps
Governor-General of French Indochina
In office
15 November 1911 – 22 November 1913
Preceded byPaul Louis Luce
Succeeded byJoost van Vollenhoven
In office
22 January 1917 – 9 December 1919
Preceded byJean-François dit Eugène Charles
Succeeded byMaurice Antoine François Monguillot
Personal details
Born28 July 1872
Bordeaux, Gironde, France
Died26 November 1962(1962-11-26) (aged 90)
Paris, France
Political partyRadical

Biography

Sarraut was born on 28 July 1872 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France.

On 14 March 1907 Sarraut, Senator of Aude and Under-Secretary of State for the Interior, was ridiculed by Clemenceau for trying to plead the case of his electorate during the revolt of the Languedoc winegrowers. Clemenceau told Sarraut, "I know the South, it will all end with a banquet".[1] After massive demonstrations in the winegrowing region in June 1907 Clemenceau asked Sarraut to bring the leader Ernest Ferroul to the negotiating table. Ferroul told him: "When we have three million men behind us, we do not negotiate".[2] From 17 June 1907 the Midi was occupied by 22 regiments of infantry and 12 regiments of cavalry.[3] The gendarmerie was ordered to imprison the leaders of the demonstrations. Sarraut refused to endorse this policy and resigned from the government.[1]

He was Governor-General of French Indochina, from 1912 to 1914 and from 1917 to 1919. Although Sarraut was celebrated for native education reform, his motivation was an example of paternalism. He believed that the Vietnamese could not be civilized until their thinking, customs and institutions mirrored those of the French. According to Hue Tam Ho Tai, if Sarraut's argument was carried to its logical conclusion, the Vietnamese, she writes, would "deserve independence from French rule only when they no longer desired to be Vietnamese, but Frenchmen in yellow skin."[4] Albert Sarraut supported actively the preservation and development of native arts, for instance supporting the French art scholar George Groslier in preserving Cambodian arts and cultural traditions, and funding the design and construction of the National Museum of Cambodia. On 18 January 1920 he replaced Henry Simon as Minister of the Colonies.

Acting as Minister of the Interior for the Édouard Daladier run government, Sarrault became increasingly concerned with what he considered a flood of Spanish refugees fleeing the Francoist regime during the Spanish Civil War. In April 1938 Sarrault released a statement calling for the "methodical, energetic and prompt action to rid our country of the too numerous undesirable elements".[5]

On 10 July 1940, Sarraut voted in favour of granting the Cabinet presided over by Marshal Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France. Thereafter Sarraut retired from politics. He took control of the family newspaper, La Dépêche de Toulouse, after the editor, his brother Maurice Sarraut, was killed by the Milice in 1943.

Sarraut died in Paris on 26 November 1962. The Lycée Albert Sarraut in Hanoi was named after him.

Sarraut's First Ministry, 26 October – 26 November 1933

Sarraut's Second Ministry, 24 January – 4 June 1936

Further reading
  • Thomas, Martin (2005), "Albert Sarraut, French Colonial Development, and the Communist Threat, 1919–1930", The Journal of Modern History, 77 (4): 917–955, doi:10.1086/499830, S2CID 146245219.

References
  1. Bon.
  2. Ferré 2007.
  3. Castillon 2007.
  4. Hue Tam Ho Tai, Radicalism and the Origins of the Vietnamese Revolution, Harvard University Press, 1992, page 30.
  5. Jackson, Julian (2001). France; the Dark Years 1940-1944. Oxford University Press. p. 104.

Sources
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