Alberto Oliart

Alberto Carlos Oliart Saussol (29 July 1928 – 13 February 2021) was a Spanish politician and executive. He was a government minister three times during the Spanish transition to democracy and chairman of Spanish Radio and Television Corporation between 2009 and 2011.

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Oliart and the second or maternal family name is Saussol.
Alberto Oliart
Oliart in 1982
Chair of RTVE
In office
26 November 2009 – 6 July 2011
Preceded byLuis Fernández Fernández
Succeeded byLeopoldo González-Echenique
Minister of Defence of Spain
In office
26 February 1981 – 3 December 1982
Prime MinisterLeopoldo Calvo-Sotelo
Preceded byAgustín Rodríguez Sahagún
Succeeded byNarcís Serra
Minister of Health and Social Security of Spain
In office
9 September 1980 – 26 September 1981
Prime MinisterAdolfo Suárez
Preceded byJuan Rovira Tarazona
Succeeded byJesús Sancho Rof
Minister of Industry and Energy of Spain
In office
5 July 1977 – 28 February 1978
Prime MinisterAdolfo Suárez
Preceded byCarlos Pérez de Bricio
Succeeded byAgustín Rodríguez Sahagún
Member of the Congress of Deputies
In office
9 March 1979 – 31 August 1982
ConstituencyBadajoz
Personal details
Born(1928-07-29)29 July 1928
Mérida, Spain
Died13 February 2021(2021-02-13) (aged 92)
Madrid, Spain
Political partyUCD (1978–1980s)
Alma materUniversity of Barcelona
OccupationPolitician, state lawyer, business executive, stockbreeder, writer

Early life

Born on 29 July 1928 in Mérida, his father was Antonio Oliart Ruiz, a wealthy conservative who had fled Barcelona with the help of the socialist deputy Antonio Fernández Bolaño because of the repression that was unleashed against the rightists after the failure of the July 1936 coup in the Catalan capital. He first took refuge in Mérida, recently taken by Francisco Franco's troops. There, the commander of the Civil Guard, Manuel Gómez Cantos, was about to arrest him because he was convinced that he was a Catalan spy. Antonio Oliart managed to escape again and finally landed in Burgos, the capital of the rebellious Spain.[1][2]

He earned a Licentiate degree in Law at the University of Barcelona in 1950 and, three years later, in 1953, he joined the State Lawyers Corps, serving as such until 1965, when he was appointed Chief Administrative and Finance Officer of Renfe.[3][4]

He was also member of the board of directors of the Banco Urquijo, Explosivos Río Tinto, Río Tinto Minera and Barral Editores.[4]

Political career

Minister of Industry (1977–1978) and Deputy

Appointed Minister of Industry and Energy by Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez,[5] Oliart was sworn in on 5 July 1977.[6][7] He left the post in February 1978. Later in the year, Oliart joined the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) in December 1978[8] and ran as candidate to the Congress of Deputies, 2nd in the UCD list for the 1979 general election in the constituency of Badajoz.[9] Elected member of the 1st Congress of Deputies, he chaired the Committee on Defense of the Lower House from May 1979 to September 1980.[10]

Minister of Health and Social Security (1980–1981)

He was appointed Minister of Health and Social Security in the fifth Suárez's cabinet on 8 September 1980 after a reshuffling of the government and until 26 February 1981. [11]

Minister of Defence (1981–1982)

Some days after the 23-F, on 26 February 1981, he was appointed Minister of Defence in the new cabinet presided over by Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo.[12]

One of the first things he did when he took office was to meet with each of the captains general to find out their views on the coup, learning that the majority agreed with the proposal of the general Alfonso Armada to establish a new provisional government. During the subsequent trial of the coup plotters, he had to intervene in the process to replace the president of the military court because he was unable to maintain the order of the sessions, which were especially tense and where the defendants caused disorder. The Supreme Council of Military Justice issued a ruling on 3 June 1982 condemning the perpetrators of the coup. Faced with popular rejection of the low penalties for which they were convicted, Oliart ordered the prosecutor in the case to appeal the sentence on 10 June 1982. The Supreme Court ended up raising the years of prison sentence with a sentence dated 22 April 1983.[13]

On 1 October 1982, the Supreme Court rejected the complaints filed by the insurgent military officers Jaime Milans del Bosch and Antonio Tejero against Oliart and Prime Minister Calvo-Sotelo, accusing the Defense Minister of attacking judicial independence for urging on behalf of the government recourse to the sentences that condemned them to prison.[14]

Oliart was also in charge of the reform of the Superior Center of Defense Information, naming on 23 May 1981 Lieutenant Colonel Emilio Alonso Manglano as its director with the mission of control and neutralization of any type of suspicious movement after the coup.[15]

On the night of 1 October 1982 Manglano summoned Prime Minister Calvo Sotelo, Oliart and the Minister of the Interior Juan José Rosón to a meeting. At that meeting, which lasted several hours, Manglano unveiled a coup d'état conspiracy that several military officials were preparing that was going to be especially bloody, and that was going to be executed on 27 October 1982, the day before the general election. After the meeting, the immediate arrest of the leaders was ordered and they were able to dismantle them on 2 October 1982.[13][16]

He was the architect of the entry of Spain into NATO, which materialized on 30 May 1982.[17] He appointed the first civilian to a high position in the ministry, appointing Eduardo Serra Rexach Under-Secretary of State for Defence on 12 February 1982.[18]

With the victory of the PSOE in the 1982 general election, Oliart ceased office on 2 December 1982[19] and was succeeded by Narcís Serra the following day.[20]

Chairman of RTVE
Oliart (left) next to the rector of the UNED in 2010.

He was appointed as President of RTVE on 11 November 2009. Proposed as consensus candidate between the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and the People's Party as he had to be ratified by a 2/3 qualified majority in the Congress of Deputies,[21] the appointment was questioned on the basis of the age of the octogenarian candidate and his lack of media training.[22] He took office on 26 November 2009 after assuming the position of member of the Board of Directors in the Congress of Deputies.[23]

During his tenure, TVE stopped broadcasting advertising and consolidated itself as audience leader, despite criticism of manipulation of the news by PP.[24]

He resigned on 6 July 2011 for "reasons of strict personal character and mature reflection", but after jumping to the controversy that he gave his son a public contract.[25][26]

Personal life and death

Oliart married Carmen de Torres Flores, with whom he had six children. One of them, Isabel Oliart, was married to the singer-songwriter Joaquín Sabina and had two daughters.[27]

After leaving active politics, he returned to his activity as a lawyer and started a cattle breeding business on his Los Rafaeles farm in Badajoz.[28] Between 1995 and 2004 he was associated with the Madrid lawyer José Manuel Romero Moreno.[29] A fan of writing, in 1997 he won the X Comillas Award for Biography, Autobiography and Memories for Against Oblivion ("Contra el olvido"), an autobiographical book, in which he recalls events that marked his life from childhood to adulthood.[30] His second autobiographical book, entitled The years that changed everything ("Los años que lo cambiaron todo") was published in 2019.[31]

Oliart died from COVID-19 after being admitted to a hospital in Madrid on 13 February 2021, aged 92 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.[32]

Decorations

References
  1. Alonso de la Torre, José Ramón (15 December 2002). ""Fui un político de circunstancias, no he sentido la menor tentación de volver"". El Periódico de Extremadura (in Spanish).
  2. Preston, Paul (2011). El holocausto español: Odio y exterminio en la Guerra Civil y después. p. 423. ISBN 9788499920498.
  3. "Alberto Oliart, el ex ministro y "hombre de consenso"". Público. 11 November 2009.
  4. "I Legislatura (1979–1982) Oliart Saussol, Alberto Carlos". Congress of Deputies.
  5. R., Juan Carlos (4 July 1977). Suárez González, Adolfo (ed.). "REAL DECRETO 1563/1977, de 4 de julio, por el que se nombran Ministros del Gobierno" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Presidencia del Gobierno (159).
  6. "Los ministros juraron de pie, en traje de calle, y con nueva fórmula". El País. 6 July 1977.
  7. Juan Domingo Fdez. (12 November 2009). "Un extremeño ilustrado". Hoy.
  8. Laserna, Marta (22 November 2009). "Alberto Oliart sustituye, a sus 81 años, a Luis Fernández como timonel de RTVE". El Correo.
  9. Juntas Electorales Provinciales: "Candidaturas definitivamente adminitadas para las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado, convocadas por Real Decreto 3073/1978, de 29 de diciembre" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (30): 2871. 3 February 1979. ISSN 0212-033X.
  10. "I Legislatura (1979–1982). Composición de la Comisión de Defensa (10/05/1979-03/03/1982)". Congress of Deputies.
  11. R., Juan Carlos (8 September 1980). Suárez González, Adolfo (ed.). "REAL DECRETO 1797/1980 de 8 de septiembre, por el que se nombran Ministros del Gobierno" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Presidencia del Gobierno (217).
  12. R., Juan Carlos (26 February 1981). Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo, Leopoldo (ed.). "REAL DECRETO 256/1981 de 28 de febrero por el que se nombran Ministros del Gobierno". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Presidencia del Gobierno (50).
  13. Laviana, Juan Carlos (13 February 2021). "Alberto Oliart, el ministro que combatió el golpismo y metió a España en la OTAN". El Español.
  14. Mercado, Francisco (1 October 1982). "Denegadas las querellas de Milans y Tejero contra Calvo Sotelo y Oliart". El País.
  15. "El teniente coronel Emilio Alonso Manglano, nombrado director del CESID". El País. 23 May 1981.
  16. "Oliart confirma: La documentación revela un intento de golpe de Estado". La Vanguardia. 4 October 1982.
  17. González, Miguel (13 February 2021). "Muere Alberto Oliart, el ministro de Defensa que afrontó el juicio del 23-F". El País.
  18. "Un civil, nombrado subsecretario del Ministerio de Defensa". El País. 13 February 1982.
  19. R., Juan Carlos (2 December 1982). González Márquez, Felipe (ed.). "REAL DECRETO 3217/1982 de 2 de diciembre, por el que se declara el cese en sus funciones de los miembros del Gobierno" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Presidencia del Gobierno (290).
  20. "Narcís Serra no introducirá cambios a corto plazo en la estructura de Defensa". El País. 3 December 1982.
  21. Yanel, Agustín; Piña, Raúl (12 November 2009). "El ex ministro octogenario Alberto Oliart será el nuevo presidente de RTVE". El Mundo.
  22. Ojer, Teresa; Bonaut, Joseba (2012). "RTVE's Corporate Governance (2004–2011): Independence and Regeneration?". Journal of Spanish Language Media (5): 113, 122.
  23. Bolaños, V. (26 November 2011). "El Consejo de Administración ha designado presidente de RTVE a Alberto Oliart". RTVE.
  24. Fernández, Rebeca (7 July 2011). "El presidente que lideró una TVE sin publicidad". Público.
  25. Piña, R.; Ruiz, V. (6 July 2011). "Alberto Oliart dimite como presidente de RTVE". El Mundo.
  26. Gómez, Rosario G. (7 July 2011). "Oliart deja RTVE en el desconcierto". El País.
  27. "Sabina, su ex, sus hijas y su ex suegro, unidos por el cine" (in Spanish). El Mundo. 5 March 2014.
  28. "Oliart, del consenso al enfrentamiento visceral" (in Spanish). Hoy. 6 July 2011.
  29. "La sombra amiga de don Juan Carlos" (in Spanish). El Comercio. 24 December 2011.
  30. Carbajo, Primitivo (3 September 1997). "Oliart gana el Premio Comillas de memorias con un libro centrado en sus años de juventud". El País (in Spanish).
  31. Caballé, Anna (8 January 2020). "Alberto Oliart, memoria y exculpación". El País (in Spanish).
  32. "Fallece por la covid el exministro de Defensa Alberto Oliart" (in Spanish). La Vanguardia. 13 February 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  33. Jefatura del Estado: "Real Decreto 236/1978, de 24 de febrero, por el que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Real y Muy Distinguida Orden de Carlos III a don Alberto Oliart Saussol" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (48): 4632. 25 February 1978. ISSN 0212-033X.
  34. Presidencia del Gobierno: "Real Decreto 3301/1982, de 2 de diciembre, por el que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Orden de Isabel la Católica a don Alberto Oliart Saussol" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (290): 33383. 3 December 1982. ISSN 0212-033X.
  35. Ministerio de Defensa: "Real Decreto 2502/1985, de 23 de diciembre, por el que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Orden del Mérito Militar con distintivo blanco, al excelentísimo señor ex Ministro de Defensa don Alberto Oliart Saussol" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (2): 757. 2 January 1986. ISSN 0212-033X.
  36. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación: "Real Decreto 590/1994, de 25 de marzo, por el que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Orden del Mérito Agrario, Pesquero y Alimentario, Sección Mérito Alimentario, a don Alberto Oliart Saussol" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (93): 12054. 19 April 1994. ISSN 0212-033X.
  37. "Decreto 101/1998, de 28 de julio, de concesión de la Medalla de Extremadura al Excmo. señor don Alberto Oliart Saussol" (PDF). Diario de Extremadura (89): 6119. 4 August 1998. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  38. Ministerio de Defensa: "Real Decreto 2037/1999, de 23 de diciembre, por el que se concede la Gran Cruz del Mérito Naval, con distintivo blanco a don Alberto Oliart Saussol" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (312): 46385. 30 December 1999. ISSN 0212-033X.
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