Alcântara Formation

Alcântara Formation
Alcântara Formation
Stratigraphic range: Cenomanian
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Itapecuru Group
Underlies	Cujupe Formation
Overlies	Undifferentiated unit
Thickness	30–35 m (98–115 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone
Other	Claystone, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates	2.5°S 44.5°W
Approximate paleocoordinates	9.4°S 19.3°W
Region	Maranhão
Country	Brazil
Extent	São Luís-Grajaú Basin
Type section
Named for	Alcântara (city)
Named by	Rossetti & Truckenbrodt
Year defined	1997
	Alcântara Formation (Brazil)

The Alcântara Formation is a geological formation in northeastern Brazil whose strata date back to the Cenomanian of the Late Cretaceous.[1]

Fossil content

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Carcharodontosauridae indet.[2]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Teeth
Dromaeosauridae indet.[3]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Teeth	Possible member of Velociraptorinae
Itapeuasaurus[4]	I. cajapioensis	Itapeua beach	Early Cenomanian		A rebbachisaurid
cf. Limaysaurus[5]	L. tessonei	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Vertebrae
Malawisaurus[6]	M. sp.	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Tooth
Noasauridae indet. [7]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Nine teeth	Teeth belong to an animal closely related to Masiakasaurus knopfleri.
Oxalaia[8]	O. quilombensis	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Fused premaxillae; isolated and incomplete left maxilla	A spinosaurid
Sauropoda indet.[3]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Teeth	May belong to a titanosaurid or a diplodocoid rebbachisaurid
Sigilmassasaurus[3]	S. brevicollis	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Two caudal vertebrae	Referral to Sigilmassasaurus was based on similarity to presumed caudal vertebrae of the genus from the Kem Kem Group. However, these caudal vertebrae have since been separated from the genus, meaning that it is currently impossible to refer any caudal vertebrae to it.
Spinosauridae indet.[9]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Teeth	A spinosaurid different from Oxalaia.
Theropoda indet.[3]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Claw
Titanosauria indet.[3]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Vertebrae
Titanosauria indet.[3]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Osteoderm
cf. Unenlagiinae[10]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island, São Luís-Grajaú Basin	Early Cenomanian	Teeth

Pterosauria

Pterosaurs
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Anhangueridae indet.[3]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanina	Teeth

Crocodylomorphs

Crocodylomorphs
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Crocodylomorpha indet.[3]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Teeth and osteoderms
Coringasuchus[11]	C. anisodontis	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Partial right lower jaw (dentary)	Possibly a notosuchian

Turtles

Crocodylomorphs
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Pelomedusoides indet.[3]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Incomplete carapace

Squamates

Snakes
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Seismophis[12]	S. septentrionalis	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Vertebrae	A snake

Fish

Fishes
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Arganodus[3]	A. tiguidiensis	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Dental plates	A ceratodontid lungfish
Atlanticopristis[13]	A. equatorialis	Falésia do Sismito and Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Fourteen denticle specimens (two complete)	A sclerorhynchid
Bartschichthys[3]	B. sp.	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Spines
Ceratodus[3]	C. brasiliensis C. humei	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Dental plates	A ceratodontid lungfish
Equinoxiodus[14]	E. alcantarensis E. sp.[3]	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	One complete and eight incomplete tooth plates	A dipnoiform
Lepidotes[3]	Lepidotes sp.	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Mineralized scales
Mawsonia[15]	M. gigas	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Palato-quadrate and post-parietal cranial material	A coelacanthiform
Myliobatis[3]	M. sp.	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian
Onchopristis[3]	O. cf. numidus	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Rostral teeth	A sclerorhynchoid.
Pycnodontiformes indet.[3]	Indeterminate	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Dental plate and teeth
Stephanodus[3]	S. sp.	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Pharyngeal teeth
Tribodus[3]	T. cf. limae	Laje do Coringa, Cajual Island	Early Cenomanian	Dorsal spines	A hybodont

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

References

Rossetti, D.F.; Truckenbrodt, W. (1997). "Revisão estratigráfica para os depósitos do Albiano-Terciário Inferior (?) na Bacia de São Luís (MA), Norte do Brasil". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. 9: 29–41.
Candeiro, C.R.A.; Martinelli, Agustin G. (2005). "Abelisauroidea and Carcharodontosauridae (Theropoda, Dinosauria) in the Cretaceous of South America. Paleogeographical and geocronological implications". Sociedade & Natureza. 17 (33).
Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Lindoso, Rafael Motos; Mendes, Ighor Dienes; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza (2014). "The Cretaceous (Cenomanian) continental record of the Laje do Coringa flagstone (Alcântara Formation), northeastern South America". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 53: 50–58. Bibcode:2014JSAES..53...50M. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2014.04.002.
Lindoso, Rafael Matos; Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo Araújo; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza; Pereira, Agostinha Araújo; Mendes, Ighor Dienes; Iori, Fabiano Vidoi; Sousa, Eliane Pinheiro; Arcanjo, Silvia Helena Souza; Silva, Taciane Costa Madeira (July 2019). "A new rebbachisaurid (Sauropoda: Diplodocoidea) from the middle Cretaceous of northern Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 104: 104191. Bibcode:2019CrRes.10404191L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104191. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 201321631.
Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Schultz, Cesar Leandro (2004). "Rayososaurus (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) no meso-Cretáceo do Norte-Nordeste Brasileiro". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 7 (2): 275–279. doi:10.4072/rbp.2004.2.22.
Freire, Pedro Carvalho; Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Lindoso, Rafael Matos (2007). "Sauropod teeth diversity in the Laje do Coringa fossiliferous site, Eocenomanian of Northeastern Brazil". Paleontologia: Cenários de Vida: 523–532.
Lindoso, Rafael Matos; Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza; Marinho, Thiago da Silva (August 2012). "Masiakasaurus-like theropod teeth from the Alcântara Formation, São Luís Basin (Cenomanian), northeastern Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 36: 119–124. Bibcode:2012CrRes..36..119L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.002.
Kellner, Alexander W.A.; Azevedeo, Sergio A.K.; Machado, Elaine B.; Carvalho, Luciana B.; Henriques, Deise D.R. (2012). "A new dinosaur (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) from the Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Alcântara Formation, Cajual Island, Brazil" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (1): 99–108. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000100006. ISSN 0001-3765. PMID 21437377.
Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo (2006). "Large theropod teeth from the Eocenomanian of northeastern Brazil and the occurrence of Spinosauridae". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 9 (3): 333–338. doi:10.4072/rbp.2006.3.08.
Letizio LA, Bertini RJ, Medeiros MA (2022-07-16). "New evidence of putative Unenlagiinae (Deinonychosauria, Theropoda) in the São Luís-Grajaú Basin, Albian–Cenomanian, State of Maranhão, Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 25 (2): 157–164. doi:10.4072/rbp.2022.2.05.
Kellner, A.W.A.; Pinheiro, A.E.P.; Azevedo, S.A.K.; Henriques, D.D.R.; de Carvalho, L.B.; Oliveira, G.R. (2009). "A new crocodyliform from the Alcântara Formation (Cenomanian), Cajual Island, Brazil". Zootaxa. 2030: 49–58. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2030.1.4. S2CID 88042701.
Hsiou, A. S.; Albino, A. M.; Medeiros, M. A.; Santos, R. A. B. (2013). "The oldest Brazilian snakes from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 59 (3): 635–642. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0091.
Pereira, A.A.; Medeiros, M.A. (2008). "A new sclerorhynchiform (Elasmobranchii) from the middle Cretaceous of Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 11 (3): 207–212. doi:10.4072/rbp.2008.3.07.
Toledo, C.E.; Sousa, E.P.; Medeiros, M.A.; Bertini, R.J. (2011). "A new genus of dipnoiformes from the Cretaceous of Brazil". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (4): 1181–1192. doi:10.1590/s0001-37652011000400006. PMID 22146953.
Medeiros, M.A., Carvalho, M.S.S., Silva, M.A.M., Pereira, A.A., Araujo, M.N., Ferreira, N.N., Vilas Bôas, I., 2011. O senhor dos rios: Mawsonia gigas (Mawsoniidae) do Cenomaniano do Maranhão, Brasil. In: Carvalho, I.S., Srivastava, N.K., Strohschoen, J.O., Lana, C.C. (Eds.), Paleontologia: Cenários de Vida, Vol. 4. Interciência, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 575-583.

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[1] Rossetti, D.F.; Truckenbrodt, W. (1997). "Revisão estratigráfica para os depósitos do Albiano-Terciário Inferior (?) na Bacia de São Luís (MA), Norte do Brasil". Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. 9: 29–41.

[2] Candeiro, C.R.A.; Martinelli, Agustin G. (2005). "Abelisauroidea and Carcharodontosauridae (Theropoda, Dinosauria) in the Cretaceous of South America. Paleogeographical and geocronological implications". Sociedade & Natureza. 17 (33).

[medeiros2014-3] Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Lindoso, Rafael Motos; Mendes, Ighor Dienes; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza (2014). "The Cretaceous (Cenomanian) continental record of the Laje do Coringa flagstone (Alcântara Formation), northeastern South America". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 53: 50–58. Bibcode:2014JSAES..53...50M. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2014.04.002.

[lindoso2019-4] Lindoso, Rafael Matos; Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo Araújo; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza; Pereira, Agostinha Araújo; Mendes, Ighor Dienes; Iori, Fabiano Vidoi; Sousa, Eliane Pinheiro; Arcanjo, Silvia Helena Souza; Silva, Taciane Costa Madeira (July 2019). "A new rebbachisaurid (Sauropoda: Diplodocoidea) from the middle Cretaceous of northern Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 104: 104191. Bibcode:2019CrRes.10404191L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104191. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 201321631.

[5] Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Schultz, Cesar Leandro (2004). "Rayososaurus (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) no meso-Cretáceo do Norte-Nordeste Brasileiro". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 7 (2): 275–279. doi:10.4072/rbp.2004.2.22.

[6] Freire, Pedro Carvalho; Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Lindoso, Rafael Matos (2007). "Sauropod teeth diversity in the Laje do Coringa fossiliferous site, Eocenomanian of Northeastern Brazil". Paleontologia: Cenários de Vida: 523–532.

[7] Lindoso, Rafael Matos; Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza; Marinho, Thiago da Silva (August 2012). "Masiakasaurus-like theropod teeth from the Alcântara Formation, São Luís Basin (Cenomanian), northeastern Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 36: 119–124. Bibcode:2012CrRes..36..119L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.002.

[Oxalaia-8] Kellner, Alexander W.A.; Azevedeo, Sergio A.K.; Machado, Elaine B.; Carvalho, Luciana B.; Henriques, Deise D.R. (2012). "A new dinosaur (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) from the Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Alcântara Formation, Cajual Island, Brazil" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (1): 99–108. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000100006. ISSN 0001-3765. PMID 21437377.

[9] Medeiros, Manuel Alfredo (2006). "Large theropod teeth from the Eocenomanian of northeastern Brazil and the occurrence of Spinosauridae". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 9 (3): 333–338. doi:10.4072/rbp.2006.3.08.

[10] Letizio LA, Bertini RJ, Medeiros MA (2022-07-16). "New evidence of putative Unenlagiinae (Deinonychosauria, Theropoda) in the São Luís-Grajaú Basin, Albian–Cenomanian, State of Maranhão, Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 25 (2): 157–164. doi:10.4072/rbp.2022.2.05.

[AWAKetal09-11] Kellner, A.W.A.; Pinheiro, A.E.P.; Azevedo, S.A.K.; Henriques, D.D.R.; de Carvalho, L.B.; Oliveira, G.R. (2009). "A new crocodyliform from the Alcântara Formation (Cenomanian), Cajual Island, Brazil". Zootaxa. 2030: 49–58. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2030.1.4. S2CID 88042701.

[12] Hsiou, A. S.; Albino, A. M.; Medeiros, M. A.; Santos, R. A. B. (2013). "The oldest Brazilian snakes from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 59 (3): 635–642. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0091.

[13] Pereira, A.A.; Medeiros, M.A. (2008). "A new sclerorhynchiform (Elasmobranchii) from the middle Cretaceous of Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 11 (3): 207–212. doi:10.4072/rbp.2008.3.07.

[14] Toledo, C.E.; Sousa, E.P.; Medeiros, M.A.; Bertini, R.J. (2011). "A new genus of dipnoiformes from the Cretaceous of Brazil". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (4): 1181–1192. doi:10.1590/s0001-37652011000400006. PMID 22146953.

[15] Medeiros, M.A., Carvalho, M.S.S., Silva, M.A.M., Pereira, A.A., Araujo, M.N., Ferreira, N.N., Vilas Bôas, I., 2011. O senhor dos rios: Mawsonia gigas (Mawsoniidae) do Cenomaniano do Maranhão, Brasil. In: Carvalho, I.S., Srivastava, N.K., Strohschoen, J.O., Lana, C.C. (Eds.), Paleontologia: Cenários de Vida, Vol. 4. Interciência, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 575-583.