Aldor

Aldor is a programming language.[1][2][3] It is the successor of A# as the extension language of the Axiom computer algebra system.

Aldor
ParadigmMulti-paradigm: object-oriented, functional, imperative, dependent typed, logic
Designed byRichard Dimick Jenks, Barry Trager, Stephen Watt, James Davenport, Robert Sutor, Scott Morrison
DeveloperThomas J. Watson Research Center
First appeared1990 (1990)
Stable release
1.0.3
Preview release
1.1.0
PlatformAxiom computer algebra system
OSLinux, Solaris, Windows
LicenseAldor Public 2.0, Apache 2.0
Filename extensions.al, .as
Websitewww.aldor.org
Major implementations
Axiom computer algebra system
Influenced by
A#, Pascal, Haskell

Aldor combines imperative, functional, and object-oriented features. It has an elaborate type system,[4] allowing types to be used as first-class values. Aldor's syntax is heavily influenced by Pascal, but it is optionally indentation-sensitive, using whitespace characters and the off-side rule, like Python. In its current implementation, it is compiled, but an interactive listener is provided.

Aldor is distributed as free and open-source software, under the Apache License 2.0.

Examples

The Hello world program looks like this:

#include "aldor"
#include "aldorio"

stdout << "Hello, world!" << newline;

Example of dependent types (from the User Guide):

#include "aldor"
#include "aldorio"
#pile

sumlist(R: ArithmeticType, l: List R): R == 
    s: R := 0;
    for x in l repeat s := s + x
    s

import from List Integer, Integer, List SingleFloat, SingleFloat
stdout << sumlist(Integer, [2,3,4,5]) << newline
stdout << sumlist(SingleFloat, [2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4]) << newline

99 Bottles of Beer:

#include "aldor"
#include "aldorio"

import from Integer, String;

bob(n: Integer): String == {
    b: String := " bottle";

    if n ~= 1 then b := b + "s";
    b + " of beer";
}

main(): () == {
    n: Integer := 99;
    otw: String := " on the wall";

    -- refrain
    while n > 0 repeat {
        stdout << n << bob(n) << otw << ", " << n << bob(n) << "." << newline;
        stdout << "Take one down and pass it around, ";
        n := n - 1;
        if n > 0 then stdout << n;
        else stdout << "no more";
        stdout << bob(n) << otw << "." << newline;
        stdout << newline;
    }

    -- last verse
    stdout << "No more" << bob(n) << otw << ", no more" << bob(n) << "." << newline;
    stdout << "Go to the store and buy some more, ";
    n: Integer := 99;
    stdout << n << bob(n) << otw << "." << newline;
}

main();

References
  1. Gerdt, Vladimir P.; Koepf, Wolfram; Mayr, Ernst W.; Vorozhtsov, Evgenii V. (7 September 2010). Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing: 12th International Workshop, CASC 2010, Tsakhadzor, Armenia, September 6-12, 2010, Proceedings. Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-15274-0. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  2. Kirchner, Helene; Ringeissen, Christophe (30 December 2006). Frontiers of Combining Systems: Third International Workshop, FroCoS 2000 Nancy, France, March 22-24, 2000 Proceedings. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-46421-1.
  3. Kerber, Manfred; Kohlhase, Michael (2 April 2001). Symbolic Computation and Automated Reasoning: The CALCULEMUS-2000 Symposium. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-6423-4. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  4. "Aldor Programming Language". Aldor.org. Retrieved 12 February 2017.


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