Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union

The All-Union Central Executive Committee (Russian: Всесоюзный Центральный исполнительный комитет (ВЦИК), romanized: Vsesojuzný Centraĺný ispolniteĺný komitet (VCIK)) was the most authoritative governing body of the USSR during the interims of the sessions of the All-Union Congress of Soviets. Established in 1922 by the First All-Union Congress of Soviets (see Treaty on the Creation of the USSR), in 1938 it was replaced by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of first convocation. Under the 1924 Soviet Constitution the Central Executive Committee served as the collective head of state of the USSR until 1938.[2]

All-Union Central Executive Committee
Всесоюзный Центральный исполнительный комитет
 Soviet Union
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Type
Type
History
Established1922
Disbanded1938
Preceded byNone (creation of a new state)[lower-alpha 1]
Succeeded byPresidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Elections
Election by the All-Union Congress of Soviets
Election by the All-Union Congress of Soviets
Meeting place
Kremlin Senate[1]
Politics of the Soviet Union
 
Leadership
Communist Party
General Secretary
Legislature
Congress of Soviets
Supreme Soviet
Congress of People's Deputies
Governance
Constitution
Government
Premiership
Judiciary
Ideology
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Economy
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Initially the Committee consisted of four members, after 1925 there were seven. The Kazakh and Kirghiz SSRs were created in 1936 and did not have representatives in the Committee, as it dissolved just two years later.

Description

The Central Executive Committee was created with adoption of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR in December of 1922. The Central Executive Committee was elected by the Congress of Soviet to govern on its behalf whenever the Congress of Soviets was not in session. The Central Executive Committee was convened by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee, which was elected by the Central Executive Committee to govern on its behalf whenever it was not in session.[3]

By the 1924 Soviet Constitution, the Central Executive Committee comprised two chambers: the Soviet of the Union (delegates elected broadly) and the Soviet of Nationalities (delegates elected regionally). At the constituent republic level there operated a Central Executive Committee in each of the federal republics:

List of the Central Executive Committees of the Soviet Union
  • Central Executive Committee of the First Congress of Soviets (elected on 30 December 1922)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 30 December 1922
    • 2nd session (Moscow) – 6 July 1923
    • 3rd session (Moscow) – 6-12 November 1923
  • Central Executive Committee of the Second Congress of Soviets (elected on 2 February 1924)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 2 February 1924
    • 2nd session (Moscow) – 17-29 October 1924
    • 3rd session (Tbilisi) – 3-7 March 1925
  • Central Executive Committee of the Third Congress of Soviets (elected on 20 May 1925)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 21 May 1925
    • 2nd session (Moscow) – 12-25 April 1926
    • 3rd session (Moscow) – 14-25 February 1927
  • Central Executive Committee of the Fourth Congress of Soviets (elected on 26 April 1927)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 27 April 1927
    • 2nd session (Leningrad) – 15-20 October 1927
    • 3rd session (Moscow) – 11-21 April 1928
    • 4th session (Moscow) – 3-15 December 1928
  • Central Executive Committee of the Fifth Congress of Soviets (elected on 28 May 1929)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 29 May 1929
    • 2nd session (Moscow) – 29 November - 8 December 1929
    • 3rd session (Moscow) – 4-12 January 1931
  • Central Executive Committee of the Sixth Congress of Soviets (elected on 17 March 1931)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 18 March 1931
    • 2nd session (Moscow) – 22-28 December 1931
    • 3rd session (Moscow) – 23-30 January 1933
    • 4th session (Moscow) – 28 December 1933 - 4 January 1934
  • Central Executive Committee of the Seventh Congress of Soviets (elected on 6 February 1935)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 7-8 February 1935
    • 2nd session (Moscow) – 10-17 January 1936
    • 3rd session (Moscow) – 11-14 January 1937
    • 4th session (Moscow) – 7-9 July 1937

Leadership

Chairmen

The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee consisted of 21 members and included the Presidia of the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities. A representative of each constituent republic (initially four) was elected one of the directors of the presidium.

As more entities (usually previously Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics) were promoted to the status of constituent republics of the USSR, they received representation among the directors of the Presidium:

Presidium secretaries

Soviet of Nationalities chairmen

Powers

The 1924 Soviet Constitution defined the powers of the CEC as:

See also

Notes
  1. Per statement of the First All-Union Congress of Soviets

References
  1. "Senate Palace". My Moscow. yamoscow.ru. 7 March 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  2. Armstrong, John Alexander (January 1, 1978). Ideology, Politics, and Government in the Soviet Union: An Introduction– Google Knihy. ISBN 9780819154057. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  3. "USSR Central Executive Committee. Great Russian Encyclopedi". Archived from the original on 2019-07-11.
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