Allocasuarina humilis

Allocasuarina humilis is an erect or spreading, dioecious or monoecious shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.2–2 m (7.9 in – 6 ft 6.7 in). Its needle-like branchlets are more or less erect, up to 120 mm (4.7 in) long, the leaves reduced to scale-like teeth 0.4–0.5 mm (0.016–0.020 in) long, arranged in whorls of five to seven around the branchlets. The branchlets are smooth and sometimes waxy. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls (the "articles") are mostly 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long and 0.8–1.2 mm (0.031–0.047 in) wide. Male flowers are arranged in spikes 6–18 mm (0.24–0.71 in) long, in whorls of 12 to 16 per centimetre (per 0.39 in.), the anthers 0.7–0.8 mm (0.028–0.031 in) long. Flowering occurs from May to November, and the mature cones are sessile, 12–22 mm (0.47–0.87 in) long and 10–17 mm (0.39–0.67 in) in diameter containing samaras 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long with a short wing.[2][3][4]

This sheoak was first formally described in 1841 by Christoph Friedrich Otto and Albert Gottfried Dietrich, who gave it the name Casuarina humilis in their book Allgemeine Gartenzeitung.[5][6] In 1982, Lawrie Johnson transferred it to the new genus Allocasuarina as A. humilis in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.[7][8] The specific epithet (humilis) means "low, or low-growing".[9]

A 2003 molecular study of the family Casuarinaceae showed dwarf sheoak and horned sheoak (A. thuyoides) to be sister taxa, and form a clade with A. thuyoides, A. microstachya, karri oak (A. decussata) and western sheoak (A. fraseriana),[10] all from Western Australia.

Allocasuarina humilis is found across southwest Western Australia, from the Murchison River in the north, to the south coast, where it extends eastwards to Israelite Bay. It grows on sand, sand over laterite, gravel, or clay.[2][3]

Allocasuarina humilis adapts readily to cultivation. Versatile, it tolerates a wide range of soils, including those with some alkalinity, and prefers a sunny aspect. Tolerant of some exposure to coastal conditions, it is also planted for erosion control and as a windbreak.[11] Unlike many Australian native plants, it is relatively tolerant of phosphates to some degree in cultivation.[12]