Alnön

Alnö ("the aln-ey") is an island in the Gulf of Bothnia just outside Sundsvall in Medelpad, Sweden. It has an area of 67.79 km2 and a permanent population of 8,417 (as of 31 December 2010), although its summertime inhabitants are about twice that number. Most of the island's inhabitants work in Sundsvall and other towns on the mainland.

Alnö
False color satellite image of Alnö outside Sundsvall in the Gulf of Bothnia.
Geography
LocationGulf of Bothnia
Coordinates62°24′N 17°28′E
Area67.79 km2 (26.17 sq mi)[1]
Administration
CountyVästernorrland

The island is 15 km long and 6 km wide on the widest spot. It is connected to the mainland by a 1,042-meter-long (3,419 ft) bridge, which was the longest bridge in Sweden when it was opened in 1964.

Evidences of habitation on the island predate the Viking Age, and there are several tumuli on the island from that period. The old stone church near the modern bridge was built in the 12th century. The island saw a population boom in the second half of the 19th century, due to the development of steam-driven sawmills. In 1850 the island had 950 inhabitants, mainly farmers and fishermen, but by 1900 the population had grown to almost 7,000, following the establishment of 18 sawmills between 1860 and 1897.

As result of decreased foreign trade during World War II apatite was mined in Alnön from 1943 to 1945.[2] Apatite was separated by flotation but results were meager.[2] While the separation process had improved in 1945 the end of the war the same year meant also apatite mining became unprofitable.[2]

Geology
Main article: Alnö Complex

Alnö was affected some 570 million years ago by a massive volcanic eruption. The northeastern part of the island is rich in carbonate minerals, and it is one of few areas in the world with a carbonatite volcanic complex.[3] Its chemistry is very different from the ordinary granitic rock that form the rest of the island, resulting in a number of unusual minerals, such as baryte and aegirine.[4]

The most famous of the rocks of Alnön is the alnoite, named from the Island, which is a lamprophyre chiefly composed of biotite or phlogopite and melilite as essential minerals, commonly with olivine, calcite and clinopyroxene. Perovskite, apatite, nepheline and garnet may also be present. Diamonds have also been found on Alnön, but only in very small amounts.[5]

Alnöbron connects Alnön with the mainland, and was Sweden's longest bridge when it opened in 1964.

Sport

Notable citizens

References
  1. "Statistisk årsbok 2011" (PDF) (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
  2. Lundegårdh, Per H. (1971). "Apatit". Nyttosten i Sverige (in Swedish). Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. p. 70.
  3. Andersson, Magnus; Malehmir, Alireza; Troll, Valentin R.; Dehghannejad, Mahdieh; Juhlin, Christopher; Ask, Maria (2013-04-17). "Carbonatite ring-complexes explained by caldera-style volcanism". Scientific Reports. 3 (1): 1677. doi:10.1038/srep01677. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 3628075. PMID 23591904.
  4. von Eckermann, Harry (1948). The Alkaline District of Alnö Island. Ca, Avhandlingar och uppsatser. Vol. 36. Stockholm: Sveriges geologiska undersökning. pp. 3–176.
  5. Kresten, Peter; Troll, Valentin R. (2018). "The Alnö Carbonatite Complex, Central Sweden". GeoGuide. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90224-1. ISBN 978-3-319-90223-4. ISSN 2364-6497. S2CID 135266142.
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