Altafjord
Altafjord (English: Alta Fjord;[1][2] Norwegian: Altafjorden; Kven: Alattionvuono) is a fjord in Alta Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The 38-kilometre (24 mi) long fjord stretches from the town of Alta in the south to the islands of Stjernøya and Seiland. The 200-kilometre (120 mi) long river Altaelva empties into the fjord at the town of Alta. At Stjernøya and Seiland islands, the fjord splits into two straits before emptying into the Norwegian Sea. Some of the larger side-branches off the main fjord include Langfjorden, Kåfjorden, and Korsfjorden.[3][4]
| Altafjord | |
|---|---|
 View of the fjord | |
  Altafjord Location of the fjord  Altafjord Altafjord (Norway) | |
| Location | Troms og Finnmark county, Norway |
| Coordinates | 69.9900°N 23.3242°E |
| Type | Fjord |
| Native name | |
| Basin countries | Norway |
| Max. length | 38 kilometres (24 mi) |
| Islands | Årøya |
| Settlements | Alta |
The fjord was historically known as "Altenfjord", and was referred to as such by British historians throughout most of the 20th century.
History
Prehistoric culture
A large number of prehistoric rock carvings have been found along the fjord, particularly at the bay Jiepmaluokta. These locations at Kåfjord, Jiepmaluokta, and Amtmannsnes are assigned a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[5][6] The petroglyphs are dated from 4,200 BC to 500 BC, based on old shorelines and nearby prehistoric settlements.[7]
World War II
During World War II there was a German naval base along the Kåfjorden, which branches off the main Altafjord. The German battleship Tirpitz was based at the village of Kåfjord (along the Kåfjorden). It was subject to attacks by British X class midget submarines in September 1943 (Operation Source), and in 1944 to air strikes in April (Operation Tungsten), July (Operation Mascot), August (Operation Goodwood), and September (Operation Paravane), after which Tirpitz was relocated to Tromsø, where a final bombing raid in November (Operation Catechism) sank the battleship.
References
- Halttunen, Elina et al. 2009. Survival, Migration Speed and Swimming Depth of Atlantic Salmon Kelts during Sea Entry and Fjord Migration. In: Stig S. Gezelius & Jesper Raakjær (eds.), Making Fisheries Management Work, pp. 35–50. Dordrecht: Springer, p. 42.
- Koop, Gerhard, & Klaus-Peter Schmolke. 2000. Heavy Cruisers of the Admiral Hipper Class: Warships of the Kriegsmarine. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing, p. 55.
- Henriksen, Petter, ed. (2007). "Altafjorden". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
- Henriksen, Petter, ed. (2007). "Altaelva". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
- "The rock art of Alta". Alta Museum. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
- Berg, Bjørn (2005). "The Concept of Nature: Rock Carvings and Shamanism in Arctic Norway" (PDF). Adoranten. Scandinavian Society of Prehistoric Art. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-19. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
- Solberg, Bergljot (2007). "Alta-ristningene". In Henriksen, Petter (ed.). Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 6 August 2009.