The Japanese House

Bain performing in Los Angeles in December 2016

In 2012 Bain's friend introduced her to singer Matty Healy of the 1975, who Bain's friend was dating at the time.[5] Bain began working closely with The 1975,[6] and signed to their label Dirty Hit.

Bain settled on the stage name The Japanese House because she did not feel ready to reveal her name or gender.[7] As a result, very little was known about The Japanese House when her debut single "Still" was premiered on BBC Radio 1 with Zane Lowe on 2 March 2015.[8]

Bain's androgynous voice and avoidance of press photography fuelled speculation about her gender and identity.[9] After the release of "Still", there was widespread speculation that the singer behind The Japanese House was a man, and some fans even speculated that it was a side project of Healy's.[10] Bain went on her first tour as an opening act for the 1975 in 2015.[11] Bain subsequently released three more singles. "Pools to Bathe In" was released on 25 March 2015, "Teeth" on 8 April 2015, and "Sister" on 21 April 2015.[12] Bain's first EP Pools to Bathe In, a compilation of her four previous singles, was released on 27 April 2015 to favourable reviews.[13][14]

Bain performing at the Wiltern in October 2019

The titular single from the EP Clean was released on 7 September 2015 and premiered on BBC Radio 1 that same day.[15] The EP's second single, "Cool Blue" was released 15 September, followed by "Letter by the Water" on 27 October 2015.[16] The final single, "Sugar Pill" was released on 3 November 2015.[17] Clean was released on 6 November 2015, and received positive reviews from critics.[18]

On 26 September 2016 Bain released "Face Like Thunder", the first single from her upcoming EP Swim Against the Tide.[19] Bain stated that the EP's title was inspired by the feeling of falling in love and losing someone, saying "[it] feels like you’re swimming against the tide. In a sense it’s a struggle".[20] The track received favourable reviews for its emotional subject matter and melodic beat.[21]

Bain released Swim Against the Tide on 11 November 2016.[22] She supported the 1975 on their 2016 North American tour to promote their second album, I Like It When You Sleep, for You Are So Beautiful yet So Unaware of It.[23] The Japanese House headlined a North American tour beginning on 21 February 2017 and ending on 28 March.[24]

On 26 April 2017 Bain released the single "Saw You in a Dream".[25] The single was noted for using fewer layered tracks, and having a starker, less production heavy sound than many of Bain's previous songs.[26] The full EP Saw You in a Dream was originally scheduled for release on 16 June 2017 but was released on 30 June.[27] The EP was praised for showcasing the evolution of Bain's dreamy style, with strong vocals and a more reserved use of production effects.[28]

Bain on 27 October 2019 during her Good at Falling tour

Bain released the single "Lilo" on 27 September 2018.[29] After the release of "Lilo", The Japanese House announced a North American tour in December 2019.[30] On 12 November 2018 Bain released "Follow My Girl", the album's second single. That same day, Billboard announced that The Japanese House's debut album Good at Falling was to be released on 1 March 2019.[31] The album was co-produced with George Daniel (of The 1975) and BJ Burton.[9]

Upon its release, Good at Falling received mostly positive reviews.[32] Megan Buerger of Pitchfork called it "confident and intoxicating", although she commented that its melancholic lyrical content almost exasperated her at points.[33] Bain announced her second Good at Falling tour in the US for October and November 2019.[34]

Bain released the EP The LA Sessions on 8 August 2019. The LA Sessions featured re-imagined tracks from Good at Falling and Saw You in a Dream which were recorded live in Los Angeles.[35] On 27 September 2019, Bain released a single titled "Something Has to Change", and announced an upcoming extended play of the same name.[36] The EP was announced to be released in November 2019,[37] but was delayed into early 2020.[38] On 22 November 2019, she released a single titled "Chewing Cotton Wool."[39] On 10 August 2020, Bain announced that the EP, now titled Chewing Cotton Wool, was to be released on 12 August 2020.[40] Bain released the EP on 12 August 2020.[41] It featured four songs, one of which was a collaboration with Justin Vernon of indie folk band Bon Iver, as well as the previously released singles. Upon its release, Chewing Cotton Wool received praise for showing further growth of Bain's signature lush, hazy production, introducing more textured and sporadic electronics.[42]

Bain released a new single on 20 March 2023, titled "Boyhood", the lead single to her second album In the End It Always Does. The album was announced on 18 April 2023, concurrent with the release of the second single "Sad to Breathe". In the End It Always Does was released on 30 June 2023, and was revealed to feature credits from previous collaborators George Daniel, Matty Healy, Justin Vernon, and new collaborators Charli XCX, Muna, Chloe Kraemer and more.

Bain has been compared to pop acts with strong melodic styles such as the xx, the Beatles, and the Beach Boys.[50] She has been compared to the 1975 with whom she has toured, particularly band members Matty Healy and George Daniel who helped produce many of her tracks. Bain has cited musicians like Brian Wilson, Blondie, Bon Iver, and Franki Valli & the Four Seasons as influences on her work.[3][51] In a 2019 interview with W Magazine, she described herself as "a modern day, more depressing ABBA".[52]

Pools to Bathe In was a synth-pop album, and her subsequent releases have prominently incorporated synth-pop. Her experimental musical style also contains dream pop, electropop,[14] synth-pop, indie pop,[53] and alt pop.[54] Andy Meek of Billboard described Bain's discography as a combination of experimental electronica and "catchy pop hooks backed by drums and chugging guitars".[55]

Her later releases were increasingly influenced by art pop and rock music. Saw You in a Dream was a yacht rock album,[56] while Good at Falling was influenced by rock and art pop.[57] She is known for her atmospheric tracks and moody lyrical themes.[58] Max Migowksi, writing for Indie Mag, summarized Bain's musical style as "[an] androgynous voice embedded in ethereal, post-indie pop synths with hints at gentle acoustic guitar".[59]

Many of Bain's releases explore themes such as love, loss, solitude, and personal growth.[5][4] Her later releases have been favorably compared to her first two EPs, with critics noting the more mature lyrics and refined composition of Swim Against the Tide and Good at Falling. Bain's debut album Good at Falling was praised by its critics for its dark, heartfelt lyrics and light, pop melodies.[60]

Bain's vocals are often compared to Imogen Heap (left) and Victoria LeGrand (right).

Bain's singing vocal range extends from contralto to tenor, and has been especially noted for its androgynous character.[45] Critics have favorably compared her vocals to Victoria Legrand and Imogen Heap,[61] though Bain rejects comparisons to Heap.[62] A distinctive feature of Bain's discography is her use of layered harmonies, often three tracks or more, which simulates the effect of a vocoder.[63] Her use of overlapping harmonies to create "a kind of thick, organic Auto-tune [sic]" has been praised for lending depth to her tracks.[64] Alice French of Varsity called Bain's vocals one of the highlights of her performance.[14]