Edakkal caves

The Edakkal caves are two natural caves at a remote location at Edakkal, 25 km (15.5 mi) from Kalpetta in the Wayanad district of Kerala in India. They lie 1,200 m (3,900 ft) above sea level on Ambukutty Mala, near an ancient trade route connecting the high mountains of Mysore to the ports of the Malabar Coast. Inside the caves are pictorial writings believed to date to at least 6,000 BCE,[1][2] from the Neolithic man, indicating the presence of a prehistoric settlement in this region.[3] The Stone Age carvings of Edakkal are rare and are the only known examples from South India besides those of Shenthurini, Kollam, also in Kerala.[4] The cave paintings of Shenthurini (Shendurney) forests in Kerala are of the Mesolithic era (middle stone-age).

Edakkal caves
ഇടക്കൽ ഗുഹകൾ
Edakkal caves
Edakkal caves
location in Kerala, India
Edakkal caves
Edakkal caves
Edakkal caves (India)
LocationWayanad district of Kerala
RegionIndia
Coordinates11°37′28.81″N 76°14′8.88″E
History
Founded6000 BC -1700 BC
Site notes
DiscoveredFred Fawcett in 1890
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Petroglyphs

These are not technically caves, but rather a cleft, rift or rock shelter approximately 96 ft (29 m) by 22 ft (6.7 m), a 30-foot-deep (9.1 m) fissure caused by a piece of rock splitting away from the main body. On one side of the cleft is a rock weighing several tons that covers the cleft to form the 'roof' of the cave. The carvings are of human and animal figures, tools used by humans and of symbols yet to be deciphered, suggesting the presence of a prehistoric settlement.[5]

The petroglyphs inside the cave are of at least three types. The oldest may date back to over 8,000 years. Evidence suggests that the Edakkal caves were inhabited several times at different points in history.[6]

The caves were discovered by Fred Fawcett, a police official of the erstwhile Malabar state in 1890, who immediately recognised their anthropological and historical importance. He wrote an article about them, attracting the attention of scholars.[7]

The cave is also called "Ampukuthy Mala" as it is believed that Rama's sons Lava and Kusha created the cave by striking arrows on the mountain.[8]

The caves contain drawings that range over periods from the Neolithic as early as 6,000 BC to 1,000 BCE. The youngest group of paintings have been in the news for a possible connection to the Indus Valley civilization.[9][10][11]

Historian Raghava Varier of the Kerala State Archaeology Department identified a depiction as "man with jar cup" that is the most distinct motif of the Indus valley civilization. The finding, made in September 2009, indicates that the Harappan civilization was active in the region. The "a man with jar cup" symbol from Edakkal seems to be more similar to the Indus motif than those already known from Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Mr. Varier said "The discovery of the symbols are akin to that of the Harappan civilization having predominantly Dravidian culture and testimony to the fact that cultural diffusion could take place. It is wrong to presume that the Indus culture disappeared into thin air." Iravatham Mahadevan, a scholar of Indus valley and gehsusue scripts said the findings were very significant, calling it a "major discovery".[12]

See also
  • Stone Age writing
    Stone Age writing
  • Petroglyphs dating back to about 6000 BC
    Petroglyphs dating back to about 6000 BC
  • Light shining through Edakkal caves
    Light shining through Edakkal caves
  • View of surroundings from Edakkal caves.
    View of surroundings from Edakkal caves.
  • Going up the caves
    Going up the caves
  • Prakrit Grantha inscription of Kadamba ruler Vishnuvarman (c. 5th-6th century CE) from Edakkal (northern Kerala)
    Prakrit Grantha inscription of Kadamba ruler Vishnuvarman (c. 5th-6th century CE) from Edakkal (northern Kerala)

Notes
  1. "Edakkal Caves|Places Around in Wayanad". Archived from the original on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  2. "Protecting megaliths to keep history alive The Hindu daily". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 1 September 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  3. "Archaeologists rock solid behind Edakkal Cave". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 28 October 2007. Archived from the original on 29 October 2007.
  4. "Edakkal Caves". Wayanad.nic. Archived from the original on 29 May 2006. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
  5. "Edakkal Cave". Kerala gov. Archived from the original on 3 April 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
  6. "Edakkal Caves". Edakkal Caves Website. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
  7. "Throwing new light on Edakkal Caves". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 6 April 2006. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
  8. Yashodhar Mathpal. Rock Art in Kerala. p. 25.
  9. "'Edakkal cave findings related to Indus Valley civilization". The New Indian Express. 22 October 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  10. "Sarasvati River Indus Script Ancient Village Or". Scribd.com. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  11. "Symbols akin to Indus valley culture discovered". Hindustan Times. 29 September 2009. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  12. "Symbols akin to Indus valley culture discovered in Kerala". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 29 September 2009.
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