Wurfbainia villosa

Wurfbainia villosa, also known by its basionym Amomum villosum,[2] (Chinese: 砂仁; pinyin: shārén) is a plant in the ginger family that is grown throughout Southeast Asia and in South China.[3] Similar to cardamom, the plant is cultivated for its fruits, which dry into pods when mature and contain strongly aromatic seeds.[4] W. villosa is an evergreen plant in the ginger family, grow in the shade of the tree, 1.5 to 3.0 m high, whose branches and leaves are similar to ginger's. W. villosa has a characteristic that flowers spread on the ground can bear fruit while flowers on the branches can not. Its flowers bloom in March and April and are the colour of white jade.

Wurfbainia villosa
W villosa at the Hong Kong Botanical Garden
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Wurfbainia
Species:
W. villosa
Binomial name
Wurfbainia villosa
(Lour.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
Synonyms
  • Amomum villosum Lour.
  • Cardamomum villosum (Lour.) Kuntze
  • Elettaria villosa (Lour.) Miq.
  • Zingiber villosum (Lour.) Stokes

Use in cuisine

The Wurfbainia villosa seed is used as a spice, including some versions of five-spice powder in Chinese cooking.[5] The pods are used in Chinese cuisine for flavour.[4] Since the Tang dynasty, many ancient books, such as the Compendium of Materia Medica, say W. villosa tastes acrid, fresh, and slightly bitter.

Conservation

Due to the demand for seeds and ripe fruits, and to curb slash-and-burn activities in forests by local populations, cultivation of W. villosa and coplantings with rubber trees has been encouraged by the governments of Yunnan and Guangdong, China.[6] However, the extensive cultivation of W. villosa in forests has resulted in the reduction of species diversity in the rainforests of Southwest China.[7]

References
  1. Leong-Skornickova, J.; Tran, H.D.; Newman, M.; Lamxay, V.; Bouamanivong, S. (2019). "Wurfbainia villosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T202235A132696966. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T202235A132696966.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. POWO: Wurfbainia villosa (Lour.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen (retrieved 15 July 2020)
  3. "Amomum villosum", Encyclopedia of Life
  4. G. Li; A.J. Chen; X.Y. Chen; X.L. Li & W.W. Gao (2010), "First report of Amomum villosum (cardamom) leaf lesion caused by Pyricularia costina in China", New Disease Reports, 22 (2): 2, doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2010.022.002
  5. "Back to basics - Homemade five spice powder". Sunflower Food Galore. 11 February 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  6. Zhou, Shouqing (1993), "Cultivation of Amomum villosum in tropical forests", Forest Ecology and Management, 60 (1–2): 157–162, doi:10.1016/0378-1127(93)90029-M
  7. Liu, Hongmao; Gao, Lei; Zheng, Zheng; Feng, Zhili (2006), "The impact of Amomum villosum cultivation on seasonal rainforest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China", Biodiversity and Conservation, 15 (9): 2971–2985, doi:10.1007/s10531-005-3876-4, S2CID 10958050
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