Ancient Southern East Asian

In archaeogenetics, the term Ancient Southern East Asian (ASEA), also known as Southern East Asian (SEA), is used to summarize the related ancestral components that represent the Ancient Southern East Asian peoples, extending from the Fujian region to the coastal Southern China and Taiwan Strait. They are inferred to have diverged from Ancient Northern East Asians (ANEA) around c. 20,000 to 26,000 BCe.[1][2][3][4]

Phylogenetic position of the (Ancient) Southern East Asian lineage among other East Eurasians

They were first represented by an individual from the Qihe Cave in Fujian, i.e. Qihe3 (c. 12,000 years old) and from two individuals from Liangdao in the Taiwan Strait (c. 8,000 years old). This type of "Fujian ancestry" was also observed among 9,000 to 4,000 year old samples from Guangxi and Southeast Asia and is associated with Austronesian peoples as well as Kra-Dai speakers.[5][6] Fujian ancestry is inferred to have expanded into Southeast Asia, specifically onto the Philippines, between c. 10,000 to 7,000 years ago. Genetic data on modern Southeast Asian populations revealed that the Fujian ancestry (peaking among Cordellians on the Philippines) represent the latest East Asian-related migration wave.[7]

The Ancient Southern East Asians (ASEA) can be broadly differentiated into two subgroups, namely the Fujian ancestry component, and an ancestry component peaking among Austroasiatic speakers (specifically modern day Mlabri people), as well as among the Manobo on the Philippines. In Southeast Asia, ASEA ancestry is combined in varying degrees with deeply diverged Asian hunter-gatherers ("Basal-East Asians") ancestry associated with the Hoabinhian material culture.[8][9][10][11][12]

The earliest expansion wave associated with ASEA ancestry was carried out by a lineage which peaks among modern day Manobo people, and is inferred to have expanded from Southern China through Mainland Southeast Asia into Insular Southeast Asia, reaching the Philippines Islands before c. 12,000 years ago. Between c. 12,000 to 8,000 years ago, a lineage associated with Austroasiatic speakers expanded from Mainland Southeast Asia into Insular Southeast Asia as well as into South Asia. The latest wave can be associated with the Fujian lineage, which is linked to the spread of Austronesian languages through Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and to Madagascar.[13][14][15]

References
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