Andreas Embirikos

Andreas Embirikos (Greek: Ανδρέας Εμπειρίκος; September 2, 1901 in Brăila – August 3, 1975 in Kifissia, Attica) was a Greek surrealist poet and one of the first Greek psychoanalysts.[1][2]

Andreas Embirikos

Life

Embirikos was born in Brăila, Romania into a wealthy Greek family. His father Leonidas Embirikos was an important ship-owner and politician.[3] His family soon moved to Ermoupolis in Syros, one of the Greek islands in the Aegean Sea. When Embirikos was only seven years old they moved to Athens. While he was still a teenager his parents divorced; he started studying at the School of Philosophy of the National and Capodistrian University of Athens, but he decided to move to Lausanne to stay with his mother without graduating from the university.

The following years Embirikos studied a variety of subjects both in France and in the United Kingdom where he studied at King's College London; however it was in Paris where he decided to study psychoanalysis together with René Laforgue and joined the International Psychoanalytical Association.[4]

Timeline
  • 1929 Meets with the surrealists and is interested in automatic writing.
  • 1931 Returns to Greece and works for some time at the shipdocks.
  • 1934 Develops an intermittent companionship to Marguerite Yourcenar.
  • 1935 Gives the famous lecture On surrealism (Περί σουρρεαλισμού) in Athens and publishes Blast furnace; a pure surrealist text.
  • 1940 Gets married with poet Matsi Hatzilazarou; nevertheless, they divorced four years later. The same year he divorced (1944), despite his leftist sympathies, he was taken hostage by the communist OPLA[5] after the Dekemvriana events in Athens and was treated in a humiliating way. On the road he managed to escape.
  • 1947 Gets married for the second time with Vivika Zisi. A year later, his father, with whom Embeirikos' relationship was rather normal, dies in Geneva.
  • 1962 Together with Yorgos Theotokas and Odysseas Elytis, he was invited to travel to the USSR by the "Greco-Soviet" Union; the trip inspired him to write the poem ES ES ES ER Rossia.
  • 1975 He dies in Kifissia; his mother preceded him by only two years.

Poetry

His poetry can be defined by two major tendencies. On the one hand, he was one of the major representatives of surrealism in Greece. His first poetic collection, Ipsikaminos (ie blast furnace), was a heretic book, characterized by the lack of the punctuation and the peculiarity of the language. As the poet himself admitted it was precisely the originality and extravagance of his work that contributed to his relative commercial success.

On the other hand, together with Yorgos Seferis, Embirikos was the most important representative of the "Generation of the '30s".[6] He contributed greatly to the introduction of modernism in Greek letters and he helped change once and for all the poetic atmosphere of Greece.

Megas Anatolikos

Α significant work by Embirikos is his pornographic novel Megas Anatolikos written between 1940–c. 1970 and published only after his death in 1990. In this work, Embirikos narrates the first trip of the ocean liner Great Eastern (Μέγας Ἀνατολικός) from England to America. Embirikos describes the Great Eastern as a hedonic vessel, where the multitude of the passengers enjoy love without and beyond limits. During the ten-day trip (an allusion to the Decameron) they discover a new form of happiness and innocence. For this work, Odysseas Elytis called Embirikos "a visionary and a prophet".

Literary critic

Embirikos also wrote articles of literary criticism; at least two of them are worth-mentioning. The first is "The hidden necrophilia in the works of Edgar Allan Poe"; the second, "Nikos Engonopoulos or the miracle of Elbassan and Bosphorus".

Photography

Embirikos was an enthusiastic photographer all his life, and the sheer volume of his photographic work, no less than his passionate involvement with the medium, suggest that it was, for him, very nearly as important an activity as writing. Yiorgis Yiatromanolakis (Γιώργης Γιατρομανωλάκης), Embirikos's principal Greek scholar, has written that "his three principal identities are those of a poet, a novelist and a photographer".[7] For his part, Embirikos's son, Leonidas, has referred to his father's "vast, vertiginously extensive photographic archive... the negatives alone exceeding 30,000 items".[8]

Embirikos only ever publicly exhibited his photographs once in his lifetime, showing a limited number of prints at the Ilissos gallery in Athens, in 1955. However, as part of the celebrations for the centenary of his birth in 2001, the photographer and critic John Stathatos (Γιάννης Σταθάτος) was commissioned to research the archive and curate a large exhibition at the Technopolis Arts Centre in Athens. A substantial monograph incorporating Stathatos's text was simultaneously published by Agra Editions.

Selected works
  • Blast furnace (Ὑψικάμινος), 1935
  • Hinterland (Ἐνδοχώρα), 1945
  • Writings or Personal Mythology (Γραπτά ἤ Προσωπική Μυθολογία), 1960
  • ES ES ES ER Rossia (ΕΣ ΕΣ ΕΣ ΕΡ Ρωσσία), 1962
  • Argo or Aerostat Flight (Ἄργώ ἤ Πλούς Αεροστάτου), 1964
  • Oktana (Ὀκτάνα), 1980
  • Every Generation or Today as Tomorrow and as Yesterday (Αἱ Γενεαί Πᾶσαι ἤ Ἡ Σήμερον ὡς Αὔριον καί ὡς Χθές), 1985
  • Armala or Introduction to a city (Ἄρμαλα ἤ Εἰσαγωγή σέ μία πόλι), 1985
  • The Great Eastern (Ό Μέγας Ἀνατολικός), 1990
  • Zemphyra or The Secret of Pasiphae (Ζεμφύρα ή Το Μυστικόν της Πασιφάης), 1997
  • Nikos Engonopoulos or the miracle of Elbassan and Bosphorus, 2000
  • Lecture 1963, 2000
  • prologue in Marie Bonaparte's book The hidden necrophilia in the work of Edgar Poe, (Η λανθάνουσα νεκροφιλία στο έργο του Έδγαρ Πόε, 2000)
  • A Case of Obsessive-Compulsive Neurosis with Premature Ejaculations and Other Psychoanalytic Texts (Μια Περίπτωσις Ιδεοψυχαναγκαστικής Νευρώσεως με Πρόωρες Εκσπερματώσεις και Άλλα Ψυχαναλυτικά Κείμενα, 2005)
  • a translation of Picasso's The four little girls, 1980
  • Amour, Amour: writings or personal mythology, tr. N. Stangos, A. Ross (1966).

Notes
  1. Merry, Bruce (2004). Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-313-30813-0.
  2. Terjesen, Mark D.; Doyle, Kristene A. (2022-10-25). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a Global Context. Springer Nature. p. 213. ISBN 978-3-030-82555-3.
  3. Smyth, Edmund J. (2000-01-01). Jules Verne: Narratives of Modernity. Liverpool University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-85323-694-8. Embirikos himself was born into a well - known Greek family of ship owners
  4. "Andreas Embirikos. A hundred years from his birth". Agra. Retrieved 19 August 2019. Between 1926 and 1931 he lived in Paris where he became acquainted with Andre Breton and other Surrealists, and began psychoanalysis with Rene Laforgue.
  5. O.P.L.A – Organization for the Protection of the People's Fighters. The secret police division of ELAS in charge of executing its enemies.
  6. Eleni Kefala, Peripheral (Post) Modernity, Peter Lang, 2007, p. 160.
  7. Yiorgis Yiatromanolakis, "Taxidevontas sti Rossia meta 48 eti" ("Travelling in Russia after 48 Years"), in the Vivliothiki supplement of Eleftherotypia newspaper, Athens 8 June 2001.
  8. Quoted in Yannis Stathatos, Fotofrachtis: I fotografies tou Andrea Embirikou, Agra Editions, Athens 2001, p.12
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