Andrew Halliday (physician)

Sir Andrew Halliday, KH (also spelt Hallidie; 17 March 1782 in Copewood, parish of Dryfesdale, Dumfries – 7 September 1839 in Dumfries) was a Scottish physician, reformer, and writer.[3][4][5]

This article is about the Scottish physician, reformer, and writer. For other uses, see Andrew Halliday (disambiguation).

Sir

Andrew Halliday

KH, MD
A black and white photograph from an oil portrait of Sir Andrew Halliday, from Wellcome Library, London
Source: Wellcome Library, London
Born(1782-03-17)17 March 1782
Copewood, parish of Dryfesdale, Dumfries, Scotland
Died7 September 1839(1839-09-07) (aged 57)
Dumfries, Scotland
Resting placeSaint Michael's, Dumfries, Dumfries and Galloway, UK[1]
NationalityScottish
Other namesAndrew Hallidie
Alma materUniversity of Edinburgh
Occupationphysician
Years active1806-1837
Known forRoyal physician to William IV and Queen Victoria, military surgeon, author, reformer
Notable workAnnals of the house of Hanover; A General View of the Present State of Lunatics, and Lunatic Asylums; The West Indies: the Nature and Physical History of the Windward and Leeward Colonies
SpouseHelen Carmichael[2]
Parent(s)Thomas Halliday, esq. and Margaret Porteous[2]
RelativesAndrew Smith Hallidie, nephew

Biography

He was born in Copeland, Dryfesdale in Dumfriesshire.[6][7]

When he was nine years old, Halliday had to earn his own living by tending cattle because of his father's financial problems. He later advanced himself by qualifying as a schoolteacher.[3] Halliday subsequently entered the University of Edinburgh and started training for the Presbyterian ministry, but switched to medicine, his preference. He graduated with an MD on 24 June 1806 from the University of Edinburgh with a thesis entitled De pneumatosi that he later published as a book. After travelling in Russia, he set up in practice at Halesowen, Shropshire.[8]

In 1807, he became a surgeon in the 13th Light Dragoons.[3] Whilst in the British Army, Halliday served in the Napoleonic Wars in Portugal, Spain, and the West Indies, at the Siege of Bergen op Zoom (1814) and the Battle of Waterloo.[8][9][10]

He was later the domestic physician to the Duke of Clarence and St Andrews (who became William IV), and traveled on the continent with him. In 1817, he was made a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and, in 1819, of the Royal College of Physicians, London. While traveling on the continent, he became familiar with the medical applications of iodine, introducing it to Britain upon his return in 1819 and publishing an article on it in 1821.[11][12][13] He was appointed a Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order in 1820 and a Knight Bachelor in 1821.[14] In August 1827 he was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.[8] In 1829, he helped to establish King's College London.[3] He also served as the majesty's justice of the peace for the county of Middlesex.[2]

He was appointed Deputy Inspector-General of hospitals in the West Indies in 1832, but returned to his native Dumfries in 1837 because of ill health.[3] He died at Huntingdon Lodge in Dumfries on 7 September 1839.[8]

Halliday was the first physician to the Seamen's Hospital Society,[10] which was established in 1821 with the purpose of helping people currently or previously employed in the Merchant Navy or fishing fleets. Halliday was the royal physician to William IV[10] and to Queen Victoria.[15] Before and after his military service he publicized the deplorable state of British and Irish insane asylums.[4] He wrote Annals of the house of Hanover and The West Indies: the Nature and Physical History of the Windward and Leeward Colonies, published in 1826 and 1837, respectively.[4][5]

His nephew, Andrew Smith Hallidie, promoted the Clay Street Hill Railroad in San Francisco, the world's first practical cable car system.[15]

Bibliography
Main article: Andrew Halliday (physician) bibliography

Halliday also contributed obituaries to The Gentleman's Magazine.[16]

References
  1. M'Dowall, William (1876). "Chapter VI: Along the Northern Wall". Memorials of St. Michael's: the Old Parish Churchyard of Dumfries. Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black. p. 65. OCLC 903979287 – via Internet Archive.
  2. Burke, John (1835). "Hallidays, of Scotland". A genealogical and heraldic history of the commoners of Great Britain and Ireland enjoying territorial possessions or high official rank, but uninvested with heritable honours. Vol. 2. London, UK: Henry Colburn. p. 133. OCLC 10968098, 851706868. Retrieved 1 March 2014. For a CD-ROM edition, see History of the commoners of Great Britain and Ireland. Chilmark: S&N. 2007. ISBN 9781847271747. OCLC 153551949.
  3. Rogers, Charles (1871). Monuments and monumental inscriptions in Scotland. Vol. 1. London, UK: C. Griffin for the Grampian Club. pp. 287–288. OCLC 681882749. Archived from the original on 13 September 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  4. ."Halliday". The Scottish Nation. Muskegon, MI, USA + Chatham, Ontario, Canada: Electric Scotland USA LLC. 6 May 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  5. Houston, Robert A. (Winter 2006). "Poor Relief and the Dangerous and Criminal Insane in Scotland, c. 1740-1840". Journal of Social History. Fairfax, VA, USA: George Mason University. 40 (2): 453–476. doi:10.1353/jsh.2007.0017. S2CID 143552648. Also available at R. A. Houston. "Poor Relief and the Dangerous and Criminal Insane in Scotland, c. 1740-1840". Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  6. Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  7. "History of the Burgh of Dumfries". Electric Scotland. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  8. Moore, Norman. "Halliday, Andrew (1781-1839) (DNB00)". pp. 110–111. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  9. Munk, William (1878). The roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London: comprising biographical sketches of all the eminent physicians whose names are recorded in the Annals. Vol. 3 (2d ed., rev. and enl. ed.). London, UK: Royal College of Physicians of London. pp. 211–212. hdl:2027/njp.32101074741115. OCLC 681752020.
  10. Cook, G C (2004). "Andrew Halliday, Kt FRCPE (1781–1839): Service in the Napoleonic Wars and West Indies, and First Physician to the Seamen's Hospital Society". Journal of Medical Biography. SAGE Publications. 12 (3): 136–140. doi:10.1177/096777200401200306. ISSN 0967-7720.
  11. Granville, A. B. (January 1822). "An Historical Essay on the Progress of the Medical Sciences in Great Britain and on the Continent During the last Six Months of 1821". London Medical and Physical Journal. London, UK: J. Souter. XLVII: 32. ISSN 0267-0259. OCLC 558637645, 1756135. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  12. Hooper, Robert (1833). The Physician's Vademecum. London. p. 364. OCLC 559855461. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  13. Ryan, Michael (1833). "Lecture on the Use of Iodine in the Cure of Diseases". London Medical and Surgical Journal. London, UK: Renshaw and Rush. 3: 204. OCLC 560767046.
  14. Shaw, William Arthur (1906), The Knights of England: A complete record from the earliest time to the present day of the knights of all the orders of chivalry in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of knights bachelors, incorporating a complete list of knights bachelors dubbed in Ireland, vol. 2, London: Sherratt and Hughes
  15. Kahn, Edgar Myron (June 1940). "Cable Car Inventor - Andrew Hallidie - 1873". San Francisco: California Historical Society Quarterly. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2010. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  16. closed access Moore, Norman (2004) [1890]. "Halliday, Sir Andrew (1782–1839)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. revised by Patrick Wallis (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12013. Retrieved 4 October 2013. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

External sources
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