Andrew Ryan (BioShock)

Andrew Ryan is a fictional character in the BioShock video game series developed by Irrational Games. He serves as the primary antagonist in the first half of BioShock and appears as a minor character in its sequel, BioShock 2, and its prequel, BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea. Ryan is portrayed as an idealistic business magnate in the 1940s and 1950s, aiming to create an underwater city called Rapture to avoid government oversight and scrutiny. As civil war erupts in Rapture, Ryan's utopian vision collapses into a dystopia, leading him to become reclusive and paranoid. After winning the war, he becomes increasingly ruthless in his control over the city's remaining inhabitants.

Andrew Ryan
BioShock character
Andrew Ryan in BioShock (2007)
First appearanceBioShock (2007)
Created byKen Levine
Voiced byArmin Shimerman
In-universe information
OriginMinsk, Russian Empire
NationalityRussian

The character of Ryan was created by Ken Levine of Irrational Games, drawing inspiration from real-life figures like Ayn Rand, Howard Hughes,[1] and Walt Disney.[2] Critics have praised Ryan, with Electronic Gaming Monthly ranking him ninth on their list of top ten video game politicians.[3] He is voiced by Armin Shimerman, whose voice acting contributed to BioShock's success and earned the game "Best Use of Sound" from IGN. Ryan has been compared to various real-life and fictional figures, and the world of Rapture has been likened to the setting of Galt's Gulch in Ayn Rand's novel Atlas Shrugged.

Concept and creation

BioShock director Ken Levine described Andrew Ryan, whose appearance is based on Vincent Price, as a character driven by ideals, in contrast to the game's other antagonist, Frank Fontaine, who lacks such ideals. Designing the encounter between the player and Ryan was a contentious decision for the developers, as it raised questions about the player's motives at that point in the game. Ryan's act of taking his own life to prevent the protagonist, Jack, from achieving his goal was considered the "ultimate insult" by Levine and took considerable time to develop.[4]

Though saner than the adversaries encountered before him, including a plastic surgeon with an extreme view of beauty, Ryan is depicted as steadfast and unwilling to compromise his ideals.[5] Levine explained that Ryan's philosophies were inspired by the Art Deco movement, representing a belief in human dominance over the universe.[6] Ryan's character draws influences from historical figures like Howard Hughes and Ayn Rand, but he is also portrayed with human flaws and fears, making him more realistic.[1] The character's name was deliberately chosen as a semi-anagram of Ayn Rand's name to establish a connection.[7]

Levine acknowledged that video games often have linear plots, making it challenging to provide multiple plot options, like sparing Ryan's life.[4] He did not anticipate the strong emotional impact of the Andrew Ryan scene near the end of the game and acknowledged the difficulty of maintaining consistent highs throughout the entire gaming experience.[8]

Role in BioShock

In the entire BioShock franchise, the player encounters Ryan only once in person, while most of his appearances are through radio transmissions and audio diaries. Ryan first appears in BioShock, the first installment of the series.

Character history

Andrew Ryan's early history draws inspiration from the early life of Ayn Rand. Like Rand, he was born in the Russian Empire to a middle-class Russo-Jewish family.[9] In BioShock 2, it is revealed that he was originally named Andrei,[10] and the novel BioShock: Rapture provides his birth name as Andrei Rianofski, hailing from a village near Minsk in modern-day Belarus.[11] The Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, that saw the extermination and execution of part of his family and other innocent people, compelled Ryan to flee Russia and immigrate to the United States, similar to Rand's own experiences. His time in Russia fueled his deep disdain for communism and the previous Tsarist regime.[12]

Upon arriving in the United States, Ryan became an immensely wealthy business magnate, initially content with the capitalist society the country offered.[13] However, governmental and religious interference in his affairs eventually left him disillusioned. In response, he used his entire fortune to secretly construct Rapture, a city where he could shape society according to his ideals.[14]

Throughout Rapture's history, Ryan had frequent dealings with a businessman and smuggler named Frank Fontaine, who later became a prominent figure in Rapture's genetic arms race. While Ryan defended Fontaine's exploits in the genetics industry at first,[15] his growing power led Ryan to take measures to control him.[16] Eventually, Fontaine faked his own death and reemerged as Atlas, rallying the people against Ryan in a civil war that plunged the city into chaos.[17][18]

Ryan emerged victorious, using genetic pheromones to control the populace, but the city had become a dystopia. Descending into paranoia, he ruled with increasing ruthlessness,[19][20] alienating former allies who eventually betrayed him. Ryan impaled their bodies outside his office as a warning to others.[21] Despite the devastation, he held onto hope that his city would rise again.[22]

BioShock

When Jack arrives in Rapture in 1960, Andrew Ryan perceives him as a threat, initially believing him to be a government agent, possibly from the Russian KGB or the American CIA. Ryan attempts to eliminate Jack, who is guided through Rapture by Fontaine disguised as Atlas. As the game progresses, it is gradually revealed to the player that Jack is actually Andrew Ryan's illegitimate son.

Years before, in 1956, Ryan had an affair with a young stripper named Jasmine Jolene, resulting in her pregnancy, unbeknownst to Ryan. Fontaine capitalized on this situation and paid his employee, Brigid Tenenbaum, to obtain the embryo from Jolene. When Ryan discovered this, he brutally murdered Jolene. The child, named Jack, was then genetically accelerated by Dr. Yi Suchong under Fontaine's orders, making him vulnerable to mental techniques, such as obeying any command upon hearing the phrase "Would you kindly?".

Jack, aged 2 but physically an adult due to the genetic manipulation, was sent to live on the surface. He was Fontaine's "ace in the hole",[23] a sleeper agent to be activated if Fontaine needed him to return to Rapture. With the same genes as Ryan, Jack could bypass much of Rapture's genetic-based security. The package received by Jack at the beginning of the game contains a gun and a note from Fontaine, using the "Would you kindly?" phrase to instruct Jack to hijack and crash the plane near Rapture.[17]

When Andrew Ryan and Jack finally meet, Ryan reveals Jack's true past, emphasizing how little he differs from a slave. Ryan hands Jack his golf putter and, using the "Would you kindly?" phrase mockingly, orders Jack to kill him. Jack, under the mental compulsion, is forced to obey and takes Ryan's life.[24]

BioShock 2

In BioShock's sequel, BioShock 2, Andrew Ryan also appears through audio diaries, providing the player with further insights into his history and ideals. In one of the early levels of the game, the player visits 'Ryan Amusements', a theme park originally created to instill Ryan's ideology in the youth of Rapture.

Multiplayer

He also makes an appearance via television in the multiplayer aspect of BioShock 2, which is set shortly before the events of the original BioShock. In this part of the game, he delivers a 1958 New Year's Eve speech to the citizens of Rapture. As the player progresses, the multiplayer story culminates with a radio broadcast from Andrew Ryan, announcing Jack's arrival in Rapture and ordering Rapture's populace to hunt him down.[25]

BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea

Ryan does not appear in Episode One of Burial at Sea, though a statue bearing his likeness is seen on a "No gods or Kings, only man" plaque in the beginning of the DLC. He is also mentioned as the person responsible for sending Fontaine's Department store to the bottom of a Trench.

In Episode Two, Ryan makes an appearance when Elizabeth infiltrates one of his offices in search of a device. Ryan contacts Elizabeth via a screen and, impressed by her abilities, offers to collaborate with her. When she refuses, Ryan sends his men to kill Elizabeth, but she manages to defeat them. After being fatally beaten by Atlas, a dying Elizabeth is given a glimpse into the future, showing Jack's arrival and the downfall of both Ryan and Atlas.

Characteristics

Andrew Ryan is always seen with his hair slicked back and wearing a smart suit and necktie. In an image encountered by the player during the 'Welcome to Rapture' and 'Rapture Central Control' levels, he can be seen wearing a black fedora.[24] Ryan, described by Levine as essentially an Objectivist, holds firm to certain ideals and refuses to surrender or compromise on them.[5] He strongly hate what he refers to as "parasites", which mainly includes people who support left-wing political ideologies such as socialism and communism.[26][27] Ryan also has a deep animosity towards religious and altruistic beliefs, considering altruism to be a lie and the root of all evil.[28] As a strong atheist,[29] Ryan disregards all forms of organized religion.[30] He firmly believes in meritocracy, asserting that a hardworking individual is "entitled to the sweat of his brow".

Ryan developed his own economic philosophy called the 'Great Chain of Industry', or simply the 'Great Chain', akin to Adam Smith's "invisible hand of the market" metaphor. Essential to this philosophy is the concept of a free market, with Ryan insisting that all industries should be kept completely free from government intervention.[31][32] When Congress attempted to nationalize one of Ryan's privately owned forests on the surface, he chose to burn it to the ground.[33] Ryan vehemently opposed all forms of regulation.[34]

While Ryan appeared to champion these beliefs to the extreme, denouncing all forms of governmental control, including laws,[35] in reality, he had zero tolerance for certain crimes. Theft, for instance, infuriated him as he believed it went against Rapture's founding principles.[36] Political dissidents were also persecuted. Ryan enlisted the services of people like Augustus Sinclair, who offered to imprison Ryan's enemies in his private detention facility, Persephone, for profit.[37] Sofia Lamb, the main antagonist of BioShock 2, was initially invited to Rapture at Ryan's request but was later imprisoned at Persephone as her politics clashed with Ryan's.[38][39][40] Although smuggling was strongly discouraged, but not outright illegal initially, Ryan eventually outlawed it and made it punishable by hanging, claiming it exposed Rapture to the "parasites" from the surface.[41][42]

In essence, Ryan ruled as a strong dictator, unrestricted and unaccountable. Despite founding the city on the principle of free will for mankind, he betrayed this belief when he feared losing the civil war in Rapture. He authorized the use of a pheromone that made Rapture's citizens vulnerable to his mental suggestion, effectively ending the conflict, though he did so reluctantly.[43] Similarly, despite seemingly betraying his core ideals, he didn't hesitate to nationalize Fontaine's businesses when it became necessary to consolidate his power over the city.[44]

Reception
Armin Shimerman provided the voice for Andrew Ryan. He has received praise for his portrayal, contributing to BioShock winning "Best Use of Sound" award from IGN.

In his review article of BioShock, IGN editor Charles Onyett described Andrew Ryan as "anything but a prototypical villain", emphasizing his bottomless ambition in creating a city at the bottom of the sea. Onyett added that although Ryan's words may resemble "totalitarian propaganda", players cannot help but sympathize with him.[45] The editors at IGN discussed the potential plot of BioShock 2 and agreed that Ryan should reappear in the sequel, maintaining connections to his character. They considered Ryan a key element, and without his presence, Rapture's personality and impact would diminish significantly. Some editors even suggested the possibility of a sequel putting players in the role of Ryan, exploring the challenges of creating a perfect world that ultimately crumbles.[46]

The portrayal of Andrew Ryan by voice actor Armin Shimerman received widespread praise.[47][48][49] Reviewers noted Shimerman's commitment to the character and story,[50] with some comparing Ryan's voice to that of Stephen Colbert,[45] and IGN awarded BioShock "Best Use of Sound" in their Game of the Year awards.[51]

Ryan has been compared to various characters in fiction and real life. His creation of Rapture has been likened to Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged,[52] drawing parallels between the name "Andrew Ryan" and the author's name.[53] Ryan has also been compared to the eponymous character of Citizen Kane,[54] and the father from The Addams Family.[55]

Andrew Ryan has appeared in several "top" character lists,[56][57][58] ranking as the 15th top video game villain by Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition[59] and the 10th top video game villain by IGN.[60] He has been praised for the force of his personality and the clarity of his vision in the game. Gamasutra ranked him as the third most affecting character of 2007.[61] A species of marine gastropod was even named Rapturella ryani after Ryan in 2016.[62]

See also

References
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  2. "PC Gamer". GP Publications. 2007. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
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  9. Futter, Mike (9 April 2015). "Faith In Rapture – Ken Levine Shares Thoughts On Creating Authentic Diversity". gameinformer. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  10. Irrational Games (9 February 2010). BioShock 2 (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan:Diane, my dear, I'm sorry but I'll be late again tonight... Rosenberg is demanding to speak about this Fontaine business. I'm trying to build a proper financial market and this idiot keeps going on about ADAM this and genetic modification that. I'll go spend an hour pretending to pay attention to the poor fellow and be home as soon as I can. -Andrei
  11. Shirley, John (26 June 2012). BioShock: Rapture. Titan Books. pp. 15–18. ISBN 978-0765367358.
  12. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan:My journey to Rapture was my second exodus. In 1919, I fled a country that had traded in despotism for insanity. The Marxist Revolution simply traded one lie for another. Instead of one man, the Tsar, owning the work of all the people, ALL the people owned the work of all of the people. And so, I came to America...
  13. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan:I came to America..., where a man could own his own work ... where a man could benefit from the brilliance of his own mind, the strength of his own muscles, the MIGHT of his own will.
  14. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan:To build a city at the bottom of the sea! Insanity. But where else could we be free from the clutching hand of the Parasites? Where else could we build an economy that they would not try to control, a society that they would not try to destroy? It was not impossible to build Rapture at the bottom of the sea. It was impossible to build it anywhere else.
  15. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: Gregory, don't come whining to me about market forces. And don't expect me to punish citizens for showing a little initiative. If you don't like what Fontaine is doing, well, I suggest you find a way to offer a better product.'.
  16. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: Something must be done about Fontaine. While I was buying buildings and fish futures, he was cornering the market on genotypes and nucleotide sequences. Rapture is transforming before my eyes. The Great Chain is pulling away from me. Perhaps it's time to give it a tug.'.
  17. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Frank Fontaine: New face. I have a new goddamn face -- who'da thought? Rapture... paradise of the confidence man. I gotta keep revising the Atlas voice. I figure the accent gives me an excuse to lock myself in a room with a bottle and count the cash. War's on in full now, boy... and I've got a hell of a surprise for Andrew Ryan. Long time comin'. And right about now, I expect the prodigal son is bookin' his flight...'.
  18. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Frank Fontaine: Never play a man for the short con when you can play 'em for the long one. Atlas is the longest con of all. Ryan wanted Frank Fontaine dead, I just gave him what he wanted. As Atlas, I got a new face, a clean record, and a fresh start. Now it's time to take back Rapture and --'.
  19. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: So tell me, friend, which one of the bitches sent you? The KGB wolf, or the CIA jackal? Here's the news: Rapture isn't some sunken ship for you to plunder, and Andrew Ryan isn't a giddy socialite who can be slapped around by government muscle..
  20. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). at this point 2K Games. Atlas: He's the one who built this place, and he's the one who run it into the ground. Nobody knows exactly what happened. Maybe he went mad. Maybe the power got to him. Maybe he just decided he didn't like people. Whichever way you slice it, good men died.
  21. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). at this point 2K Games. Bill McDonagh: never killed a man, let alone a mate. But this is what things come to. I don't know if killing Mr. Ryan will stop the war, but I know it won't stop while that man breathes. I love Mr. Ryan. But I love Rapture. If I have to kill one to save the other, so be it..
  22. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: Rapture is coming back to life. Even now, can't you hear the breath returning to her lung? The shops reopening, the schools humming with the thoughts of young minds? My city will live. My city will thrive. And, when that day comes, we'll use your tombstone for paving tiles.
  23. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Frank Fontaine: I remember when me and the Kraut put you on that sub. You were no more than two. You were my ace in the hole. But you were also the closest thing I've ever had to a son. That's why this hurts, kid. Life isn't strictly business.'.
  24. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games.
  25. 2K Marin (9 February 2010). BioShock 2 (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games.
  26. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: In 1919 I fled a country that had traded in despotism for insanity. The Marxist Revolution simply traded one lie for another. Instead of one man, the Czar, owning the work of all the people, ALL the people owned the work of all of the people.
  27. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: On the surface, the Parasite expects the doctor to heal them for free, the farmer to feed them out of charity.
  28. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: What is the greatest lie ever created? What is the most vicious obscenity ever perpetrated on mankind? Slavery... the Holocaust... Socialism... NO! It's the tool with which all that wickedness is built. Altruism. Whenever anyone wants others to do their work, they call upon their altruism. 'Never mind your own needs,' they say, 'think of the needs of ...' of ... whoever. Of the state. Of the poor. Of the army. Of the king. Of God.
  29. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: I believe in no God, no invisible man in the sky.
  30. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: I am Andrew Ryan, and I am here to ask you a question. Is a man not entitled to the sweat of his brow? [...] 'No,' says the man in the Vatican, 'it belongs to God'.
  31. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan [src]: There is something more powerful than each of us, a combination of our efforts, a Great Chain of industry that unites us. But it is only when we struggle in our own interest that the chain pulls society in the right direction. The chain is too powerful and too mysterious for any government to guide. Any man who tells you different either has his hand in your pocket, or a pistol to your neck.
  32. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: Mr. Porter, let me be the first to congratulate you on the founding of Rapture Central Computing. The Great Chain only grows stronger with each pair of hands laid upon it.
  33. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: On the surface, I once bought a forest. The Parasites claimed that the land belonged to God, and demanded that I establish a public park there. Why? So the rabble could stand slack-jawed under the canopy and pretend that it was paradise earned. When Congress moved to nationalize my forest, I burnt it to the ground. God did not plant the seeds of this Arcadia; I did.
  34. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: There has been tremendous pressure to regulate this Plasmid business. There have been side effects: blindness, insanity, death. But what use is our ideology if it is not tested? The market does not respond like an infant, shrieking at the first sign of displeasure. The market is patient, and we must be too.
  35. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: I founded Rapture to be free of law and god... to live among those for whom work is our wage!
  36. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: It has been brought to my attention that some citizens have discovered ways to... "hack" the vending machines. I should not need to remind each and every citizen of Rapture that free enterprise is the foundation upon which our society has been established. Parasites will be punished.
  37. Irrational Games (9 February 2010). BioShock 2 (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Augustus Sinclair: Persephone... secret home o' Sinclair Solutions. I bet against Andy Ryan's vision o' harmony in Rapture -- offered him a quiet place to send anybody who wasn't workin' out. And now I'm sittin' on my own private think tank. Technically, Utopia shouldn't have much use for a detention facility... but if you do business as long as I have... well, you learn to pick a brand name from the writin' on the wall.
  38. Irrational Games (9 February 2010). BioShock 2 (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: "Lamb is becoming a problem. The woman is a damned collectivist -- here in Rapture -- how could the Council fail to see it? Worse, to hide her intent, she gulls these "patients" of hers into religious frenzy. A new Kremlin will rise and swallow the council house before they realized they've been had! I will not have my city swindled by the parasite, whatever its guise. It is time, I think, to call Sinclair.
  39. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: I am told that the people grow tense and isolated in the absence of the sun. Now… they clamor for a psychiatrist. Do they miss the state censor, I wonder? Wartime seizure of private assets? Or the Cheka police, vanishing them in the night? Regardless, this Lamb woman is said to be the foremost practitioner in her "field." Fine. If she can quiet the rattling of the great chain's weakest links… I will leave her to it..
  40. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: Need I remind you, Sinclair, that Lamb is your problem now? She is no longer a citizen of Rapture. That was the proviso -- you wanted her expertise, and now you have it. Ryan Industries is your client... and we require test candidates from among your charges. The Protectors are... short-lived. Lamb would be a messiah, correct? Well. Sell her a sacrifice to save the flock..
  41. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: The death penalty in Rapture! Council's in an uproar. Riots in the streets they say! But this is the time for leadership. Action must be taken against the smugglers. Any contact with the surface exposes Rapture to the very Parasites we fled from. A few stretched necks are a small price to pay for our ideals.'.
  42. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Peach Wilkins: This started out as simple. Take Fontaine's mini sub back topside twice a week, pick up some choice goods not available in a remote place like Rapture, you know: beef, real tobacco, just a little extras. But now, Ryan and his type have up and called smuggling a hanging crime. Hanging? Says any connection to the surface could destroy the city. 'Fore long, only difference between this place and topside is whether or not you can open up the damn windows!'.
  43. Irrational Games (21 August 2007). BioShock (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan: Doctor Suchong, frankly, I'm shocked by your proposal. If we were to modify the structure of our commercial Plasmid line as you propose, to have them make the user vulnerable to mental suggestion through pheromones, would we not be able to effectively control the actions of the citizens of Rapture? Free will is the cornerstone of this city. The thought of sacrificing it is abhorrent. However… we are indeed in a time of war. If Atlas and his bandits have their way, will they not turn us into slaves? And what will become of free will then? Desperate times call for desperate measures..
  44. Irrational Games (9 February 2010). BioShock 2 (Xbox 360/Microsoft Windows). 2K Games. Andrew Ryan:This facility belongs to the city now -- to Ryan Industries… at least until the rioting subsides. While it is unfortunate that such measures had to be taken… I must admit, it is gratifying to see this building condemned. Fontaine is gone. Lamb is gone… or close enough. I am alone at last… alone with my city.
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