Syzygium anisatum

Syzygium anisatum, with common names ringwood and aniseed tree, is a rare Australian rainforest tree with an aromatic leaf that has an essential oil profile comparable to true aniseed.

Syzygium anisatum
Flowers
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Syzygium
Species:
S. anisatum
Binomial name
Syzygium anisatum
(Vickery) Craven & Biffen[1][2]
Synonyms[3]
  • Anetholea anisata (Vickery) Peter G.Wilson
  • Backhousia anisata Vickery
Should not be confused with Clausena anisata, a small tree native to Southeast Asia and Australia.

The leaf from cultivated plantations is used as a bushfood spice and distilled for the essential oil, and is known in the trade as aniseed myrtle or anise myrtle.

The ringwood tree has a dense crown and grows up to 45 metres tall. The leaves are 6–12 cm long with prominently undulated margins and rich aniseed aroma when crushed.

Flowers are white and sweetly scented, borne in panicles. The fruit are dry papery capsules around 5 mm long and are white in appearance.

Ringwood's natural distribution in the wild is restricted to the Nambucca and Bellinger Valleys in the subtropics of New South Wales, Australia.[4]

Uses

Used as a flavouring spice and herbal tea ingredient. Although previously known, it was first sold in the early 1990s as a bushfood spice, and in the mid 1990s cultivated in plantations to meet demand.[5][6]

The essential oil of S. anisatum contains anethole and methyl chavicol, imparting licorice and aniseed flavours respectively.

'Aniseed myrtle' is the name originally coined to specifically describe high quality selections of the trans-anethole chemotype (90%+) - generally recognized as safe for flavouring. These selections are propagated from cutting for consistent essential oil quality. The aniseed myrtle selections are also low in methyl chavicol and cis-anethole (less than 0.1%).

Research indicates that aniseed myrtle oil has antimicrobial activity, including on the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans.[7]

Myrtle rust

A significant fungal pathogen, myrtle rust (Uredo rangelii), was detected in aniseed myrtle plantations in January 2011.[8] Myrtle rust severely damages new growth and threatens aniseed myrtle production. Controls are being developed.

See also

References
  1. Craven, Lyndley A.; Biffin, E. (April 2005). "Anetholea anisata Transferred to, and Two New Australian Taxa of, Syzygium (Myrtaceae)". Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. 50 (1): 157–162(6). doi:10.3767/000651905X623346.
  2. "Syzygium anisatum (Vickery) Craven & Biffin". The Plant List. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  3. The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 22 September 2016
  4. PlantNET, NSW Flora Online
  5. Australian Native Food Industry Profile, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems Archived 2012-02-10 at the Wayback Machine
  6. Suppliers of cultivated bushfoods, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems
  7. Wilkinson, J.M., Cavanagh, H.M.A., "Antibacterial activity of essential oils from Australian native plants", Phytotherapy Research, Volume 19, Issue 7 , pp.643 - 646.
  8. Myrtle rust host list, NSW Primary Industries Archived 2011-02-16 at the Wayback Machine
  • Floyd, A.G., Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia, ISBN 0-909605-57-2.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.