Black hornbill

The black hornbill (Anthracoceros malayanus) is a species of bird of the hornbill family Bucerotidae. It lives in Asia in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand.

Black hornbill
Male at London Zoo, England
Male at London Zoo, England
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Class: Aves
Order: Bucerotiformes
Family: Bucerotidae
Genus: Anthracoceros
Species:
A. malayanus
Binomial name
Anthracoceros malayanus
(Raffles, 1822)

The Black-casqued Hornbill has a selectiveness towards the environment and resources when it comes to reproduction. It is a lowland specialist.[3] This organism will only start breeding and nesting when there is a large supply of fruits available, and in trees of larger size. When there are limited resources available, and may curtail nesting for years when there is a low availability of fruits(4). It is the major seed disperser for Durio graveolens, a species of durian.[4] The connection is strong enough to reflect in some of the common names for the fruit: The Kenyah and Dayak peoples call it durian anggang (lit. 'hornbill durian'),[5] and in Malay it is called durian burong/durian burung[6] (lit. 'durian bird').[5] It also has a role in seed disbursement for Vitex pinnata.[7]

It is known to fly for hours at a time.[3]

It is threatened by hunting and habitat loss.[3]

Diet

It is a frugivore, eating a wide range of fruits—over 50 species. It most commonly feeds on figs and Vitex pinnata;[7] its diet includes Sterculia cordata and Durio graveolens.[3]

Description

The male has a yellowish bill while the female has a dark grey bill.

Female at Kuala Lumpur Bird Park, Malaysia

References

  1. BirdLife International (2018). "Anthracoceros malayanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22682441A132372259. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682441A132372259.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. OKANO, TSUNEYA (1972). "A PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION OF ORANG HUTANS IN THE REHABILITATION STATION IN SEPILOK, SABAH". The Annual of Animal Psychology. 21 (2): 55–67. doi:10.2502/janip1944.21.55. ISSN 1883-6283.
  4. Nakashima, Yoshihiro; Lagan, Peter; Kitayama, Kanehiro (March 2008). "A Study of Fruit–Frugivore Interactions in Two Species of Durian (Durio, Bombacaceae) in Sabah, Malaysia". Biotropica. 40 (2): 255–258. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00335.x. ISSN 1744-7429. OCLC 5155811169. S2CID 82212472.
  5. Kostermans, André Joseph Guillaume Henri (December 1958). Dilmy, A.; Van Steens, C. G. G. J. (eds.). "The Genus Durio Adans. (Bombac.)" (PDF). Reinwardtia. 4 (3): 91–95. doi:10.14203/reinwardtia.v4i3.1008 (inactive 1 August 2023). ISSN 2337-8824. OCLC 4142407. Retrieved 10 November 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 (link)
  6. O'Gara, E.; Guest, D. I.; Hassan, N. M. (2004). "Occurrence, Distribution and Utilisation of Durian Germplasm" (PDF). In Drenth, A.; Guest, D. I. (eds.). Diversity and Management of Phytophthora in Southeast Asia ACIAR Monograph No. 114. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR). pp. 187–193. ISBN 978-1-86320-405-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  7. Perdhana, R D (2023-09-01). "The role of birds diversity in increasing oil palm productivity at PT Permata Sawit Mandiri, West Kalimantan". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1243 (1): 012011. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1243/1/012011. ISSN 1755-1307.
  • Stauffer, Donald J.; Smith, Thomas B. (2004). "Breeding and nest site characteristics of the Black-casqued Hornbill Ceratogymna atrata and White-thighed Hornbill Ceratogymna cylindricus in south-central Cameroon". Ostrich. 75 (3): 79–88. doi:10.2989/00306520409485418. S2CID 76654062.


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