Antifascist United Front (Brazil)
The Antifascist United Front (FUA) – [Portuguese: Frente Única Antifascista] was a Brazilian political organization. It was founded on 25 June 1933, in São Paulo to oppose fascism, represented in Brazil by the Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB). FUA was created on the initiative of Communist League (LC),[1] Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB), Italian anti-fascist immigrants and other leftist minority organizations. Two important segments of São Paulo's left at the time, the anarchists and militants of the Communist Party of Brazil (PCB), did not formally participate, although they maintained contacts and aligned with the Antifascist front on some occasions.[2]
Antifascist United Front Frente Única Antifascista | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President | Francesco Frola |
| Founded | June 25, 1933 |
| Dissolved | |
| Headquarters | São Paulo |
| Ideology | Socialism Anti-fascism |
| Political position | left |
| International affiliation | None |
| Colours | Black, Red and White |
History
FUA, together with other groups, held a series of anti-fascist demonstrations. Its militants played an important role in the Battle of the Praça da Sé. Until February 1934, the year in which the organization ceased activities, FUA edited the newspaper O Homem Livre, the main vehicle of antifascist propaganda of that period.[3]
Throughout 1934 FUA opened space for the formation of a broader range of progressive sectors. The antifascist struggle and the more general struggle for reforms and against conservative forces culminated in the formation of the National Liberation Alliance (ANL) in 1935.[4]
Foundation
A week after the ceremony in honor of Giacomo Matteotti, on June 25, a meeting was held in the hall of the Civic Union 5 de Julho, in which the Anti-fascist United Front was constituted. The meeting was chaired by Francesco Frola and was attended by organizations such as São Paulo's PSB, Communist League (LC), Union of Graphic Workers (UTG), Socialist University Guild, 5 de Julho Civic Legion, Flag of 18, Giacomo Socialist Group Matteotti, O Homem Livre newspaper, A Rua newspaper, O Socialismo magazine, Grupo Italia Libera, São Paulo Workers Federation (FOSP), and the anarchist newspapers A Lanterna and A Plebe. The PCB and the entities linked to it were invited but did not attend.[5]
Context
At the time political radicalization, left and right, was evident in Brazil and the rest of the world. In the 1930s, liberalism was in crisis, as a result of events such as the Great Depression the growth of fascist movements in Europe and the radicalization of communist movements. Liberalism experienced significant competition from other economic and political organization movements, both from the right and from the left, which ended up marginalizing it. The dysfunctional National Constituent Assembly (between 1933 and 1934) resulted in great agitation and turbulence in Brazilian civil society. The ideological and political crisis became a political issue for elites, middle classes, and workers with socialism, communism, fascism, and anarchism all contending for influence.[2]
See also
References
- Figueiredo de Castro, Ricardo (2013). "MÁRIO PEDROSA, LÍVIO XAVIER E AS ORIGENS DO MARXISMO NO BRASIL" (PDF). Marxismo21.org (in Portuguese).
- Castro, Ricardo Figueiredo de (December 2002). "A Frente Única Antifascista (FUA) e o antifascismo no Brasil (1933-1934)". Topoi (Rio de Janeiro). 3 (5): 354–388. doi:10.1590/2237-101X0030050015. ISSN 2237-101X.
- Castro, Ricardo Figueiredo de (2010-09-09). "O Homem Livre: um jornal a serviço da liberdade (1933-1934)". Cadernos AEL (in Brazilian Portuguese). 12 (22/23). ISSN 1413-6597.
- Rodrigues, Andre (2017-12-20). "BANDEIRAS NEGRAS CONTRA CAMISAS VERDES: ANARQUISMO E ANTIFASCISMO NOS JORNAIS A PLEBE E A LANTERNA (1932-1935)". Tempos Históricos (in Portuguese). 21 (2): 74–106. ISSN 1983-1463.
- Abramo, Fúlvio (2014). The flock of green chickens. A history of anti-fascism in Brazil. Sao Paulo: Veneta