Araneus angulatus

Araneus angulatus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Araneidae
Genus:	Araneus
Species:	A. angulatus
Binomial name
	Araneus angulatus; Clerck, 1757

Araneus angulatus is a species of orb-weaving spiders found in the Palearctic realm. It resembles the European garden spider, Araneus diadematus, but has distinctive tubercles on its abdomen. The species was first described in Aranei Svecici in 1757, where it was the first species described, making Araneus angulatus the first scientific name of an animal that is still in use.

Description

Araneus angulatus closely resembles the more frequently encountered European garden spider, Araneus diadematus, but can be distinguished by the presence of angular tubercles on the abdomen.[1]

Distribution

Araneus angulatus is found across a wide geographical range in the Palearctic realm. It is widespread in Europe, although rarer in Northern Europe.[2] A. angulatus is rare in the United Kingdom, where it is restricted to areas near the South coast of England.[1]

Subspecies

Six subspecies are currently recognized:[3][4]

Araneus angulatus afolius (Franganillo, 1909) — Portugal
Araneus angulatus atricolor Simon, 1929 — France
Araneus angulatus levifolius (Franganillo, 1909) — Portugal
Araneus angulatus niger (Franganillo, 1918) — Spain
Araneus angulatus nitidifolius (Franganillo, 1909) — Portugal
Araneus angulatus personatus Simon, 1929

Much of the previous subspecies are now part of Araneus pallidus.

Ecology

A. angulatus constructs a large orb web, suspended from bushes and trees, often with support lines leading to the ground. Unlike A. diadematus, the web of A. angulatus has no retreat, so the spider must sit in the centre of the web while it waits for prey.[1] It detects prey items by vibrations they cause in the web, but has also been observed during a country fair, and reported to be "indifferent to crowds, music and fireworks".[5]

Taxonomic history

The illustration accompanying Clerck's description of Araneus angulatus in Aranei Svecici / Svenska Spindlar, showing a male and a female specimen

Araneus angulatus was the first of the 66 species described in Carl Alexander Clerck's 1757 work Aranei Svecici / Svenska Spindlar.[6] Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Svenska Spindlar has precedence over the 10th edition of Carl Linnaeus' Systema Naturae from 1758, and is therefore the first work to contain scientific names of animals that are still in use.[7]

References

Nick Loven. "Araneus angulatus". Nick's Spiders of Britain and Europe. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
Matjaž Kuntner (1997). "A contribution to the knowledge of the Slovenian spider fauna: eleven species new for Slovenia and some other interesting findings (Arachnida, Araneae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the 16th European Colloquium of Arachnology: 165–172. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 16, 2021.
"Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
Bern, Natural History Museum. "Araneus angulatus personatus Simon, 1929". wsc.nmbe.ch. NMBE - World Spider Catalog. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
Alfred Finck (1972). "Vibration sensitivity in an orb-weaver". American Zoologist. 12 (3): 539–543. doi:10.1093/icb/12.3.539. JSTOR 3881789.
Page 22 in Clerck, C. 1757. Svenska Spindlar uti sina hufvud-slågter indelte samt under några och sextio särskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste. - Aranei Svecici, descriptionibus et figuris æneis illustrati, ad genera subalterna redacti, speciebus ultra LX determinati. - pp. [1-8], 1-154, pl. 1-6. Stockholmiæ. (L. Salvii).
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999). "Article 3. Starting point". International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4th ed.). ISBN 0-85301-006-4.

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[Nick-1] Nick Loven. "Araneus angulatus". Nick's Spiders of Britain and Europe. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved September 8, 2010.

[2] Matjaž Kuntner (1997). "A contribution to the knowledge of the Slovenian spider fauna: eleven species new for Slovenia and some other interesting findings (Arachnida, Araneae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the 16th European Colloquium of Arachnology: 165–172. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 16, 2021.

[3] "Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 29 November 2021.

[4] Bern, Natural History Museum. "Araneus angulatus personatus Simon, 1929". wsc.nmbe.ch. NMBE - World Spider Catalog. Retrieved 29 November 2021.

[5] Alfred Finck (1972). "Vibration sensitivity in an orb-weaver". American Zoologist. 12 (3): 539–543. doi:10.1093/icb/12.3.539. JSTOR 3881789.

[6] Page 22 in Clerck, C. 1757. Svenska Spindlar uti sina hufvud-slågter indelte samt under några och sextio särskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste. - Aranei Svecici, descriptionibus et figuris æneis illustrati, ad genera subalterna redacti, speciebus ultra LX determinati. - pp. [1-8], 1-154, pl. 1-6. Stockholmiæ. (L. Salvii).

[7] International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999). "Article 3. Starting point". International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4th ed.). ISBN 0-85301-006-4.