Archer Milton Huntington

Archer Milton Huntington (March 10, 1870 – December 11, 1955) was an American philanthropist and scholar, primarily known for his contributions to the field of Hispanic studies. He founded the Hispanic Society of America in New York City, and made numerous contributions to the American Geographical Society.[1][2]

Archer Milton Huntington
Huntington c. 1900
Born(1870-03-10)March 10, 1870
New York City, U.S.
DiedDecember 11, 1955(1955-12-11) (aged 85)
Bethel, Connecticut, U.S.
SpouseAnna Hyatt Huntington
Board of trustees of the Heye Foundation in 1920, from left to right are: Minor Cooper Keith, James Bishop Ford, George Gustav Heye, Frederic Kimber Seward, F. Kingsbury Curtis, Samuel Riber Jr., Archer Milton Huntington, and Harmon Washington Hendricks.

He was also a major benefactor of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Numismatic Society. He convinced the latter to relocate next to the Hispanic Society and the Geographical Society at the Beaux Arts Audubon Terrace complex in upper Manhattan. In 1932, he and sculptor Anna Hyatt Huntington, then his wife, founded the Brookgreen Gardens sculpture center in South Carolina in association with the antebellum Brookgreen Plantation; and the Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia; it is one of the largest maritime museums in the world. Huntington grew up in a wealthy family: he was the son of Arabella (née Duval) Huntington and the adopted son of her husband Collis P. Huntington, a railroad magnate and industrialist. He may have been Collis Huntington's biological son.

Huntington was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1918 and the American Philosophical Society in 1930.[3][4]

Hispanic studies

Huntington is primarily known for his scholarly works in the field of Hispanic Studies and for founding The Hispanic Society of America in New York City in 1904. It is a museum and rare books library whose collections focus on Old Spain and are unrivaled outside Spain.

He purchased a house in the city of Valladolid in Spain where author Miguel de Cervantes had lived for a short while. He later bequeathed it and other cervantine artifacts to the Spanish nation and it is now a museum.

In 1908 Huntington met Spanish impressionist painter Joaquin Sorolla in England. Huntington soon made him a member of the Hispanic Society, and invited him to exhibit there in 1909. This grand exhibition comprised 356 paintings, 195 of which sold. Sorolla spent five months in the United States and painted more than twenty portraits.[5]

Ayamonte or La pesca del atún (1919). This is the last of Joaquin Sorolla's 14 murals completed for the Hispanic Society in Manhattan.

In 1911, Huntington commissioned Sorolla to paint 14 murals that came to be known as Vision of Spain. These are considered to be the major commission of Sorolla's career.[6] His enormous canvases hang in what is now called the Sorolla Room of the Hispanic Society building in Manhattan; the room was opened in 1926 following Sorolla's death and dedicated to him. A major restoration of this room was completed in 2010.[7] During the restoration of the Sorolla Room, the murals toured major art museums in Spain.

Shortly after 1920, Huntington launched the careers of six art historians in the Hispanic field: Elizabeth du Gué Trapier, Beatrice Gilman Proske, Alice Wilson Frothingham, Florence Lewis May, Eleanor Sherman Font, and Clara Louisa Penney, aiding their curatorial work and publications. He is said to have encouraged Proske, Frothingham, and May, in particular, to create the seminal works in their fields.[8]

Huntington's wife, Anna Hyatt Huntington, was a noted American sculptor. She sculpted the bronze statues and limestone bas-reliefs that stand outside the entrance to the Hispanic Society building.

American Geographical Society

In 1894 Archer Huntington became a Fellow of the American Geographical Society and a Councilor in 1904, the same year he founded the Hispanic Society of America. In 1907, Huntington was elected President of the American Geographical Society.[9] Huntington donated land on Audubon Terrace to the AGS in 1911 and “contributed the greater part of the cost of construction” for the new building himself; Huntington also provided generous financial assistance to the AGS throughout his tenure as member.[9]

Huntington was one of the Society's most influential leaders; he provided new facilities which enabled the AGS to expand its “staff, collections, and activities,” arranged for the AGS to conduct a transcontinental excursion for geographers around the world in 1912, balanced the Society's budget, expanded its library, coordinated a collaboration between the AGS and the Association of American Geographers, and selected Isaiah Bowman as the first Director of the American Geographical Society.[9]

Huntington was also responsible for the acquisition of the American Geographical Society Library's oldest world map: the Leardo Mappamundi.[10] Huntington donated the 15th century map to the AGS of NY in 1906 and the map now resides in the American Geographical Society Library at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. In a letter honoring Huntington after his death in 1955, the Society stated that Huntington would be remembered for his work bringing many institutions together with “academic dignity and repose.”  [11]

Philanthropy

In 1915, Huntington donated land next to the Hispanic Society in Washington Heights on which the American Academy of Arts and Letters could construct a permanent building in New York City.[12] He also donated land and funds to relocate the Numismatic Society and the Museum of the American Indian to Audubon Terrace, at this same complex.

The Huntingtons founded Brookgreen Gardens in South Carolina. This is the setting for Athlete (1915), sculpture by Rudulph Evans.

During the Great Depression, Huntington and his wife donated major portions of property for philanthropic and public purposes, helping establish museums, parks, and facilities to support research and education. They had an estate called Atalaya Castle in coastal South Carolina, near Georgetown.

In 1932 he donated land and helped to create Brookgreen Gardens in South Carolina, a public sculpture garden in which to display the figurative sculpture of American sculptors. Included were many pieces by his wife, sculptor Anna Hyatt Huntington.

A portion of Brookgreen Gardens is held as a nature reserve. Another preserves Brookgreen Plantation, dating to the antebellum era. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Another section of land is leased to the state for Huntington Beach State Park. The gardens, historic plantation sites, and the Huntingtons' adjacent residence, Atalaya Castle, were designated a National Historic Landmark District in 2012.[13]

In 1932, Huntington worked with Homer L. Ferguson, president of Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, to found the Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia. It is one of the largest maritime museums in the world.

In 1936, Huntington created an endowment to establish an annual stipend for a Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress, a position now officially known as the Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress. In 2006, this stipend amounted to $40,000 per year, including a $35,000 salary and $5,000 in travel expenses.[14]

From 1932 to 1939, the Huntingtons donated land for what was to become the 15,000-acre Archer Milton Huntington and Anna Hyatt Huntington Wildlife Forest in Newcomb, New York. It is now part of the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry.[15][16]

In 1939, the Huntingtons donated their mansion at 1083 Fifth Avenue, and adjacent properties between 89th & 90th streets, to the National Academy, the oldest artists' organization in the United States. The property also houses the National Academy Museum and Art School.[17]

Family

Huntington had several cousins who became prominent, including the New York City architect Charles P. Huntington. His cousin Henry E. Huntington founded the renowned The Huntington Library, Art Museums, and Botanical Gardens in California.

Marriages

Huntington first married writer Helen Manchester Gates on August 6, 1895. She was the daughter of Rev. Isaac E. Gates and Ellen M. (née Huntington) Gates, a poet and the sister of Huntington's adoptive father. While traveling in Europe at the outbreak of World War I, the young Huntington couple were temporarily detained in August 1914, and effectively under arrest by German authorities in Nuremberg, Bavaria, due to suspicions that Huntington was a spy. He was representing the American Geographical Society. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan appealed for their release through diplomatic channels.[18] The Huntingtons had no children and divorced in 1918.

Huntington married American sculptor Anna Hyatt on March 10, 1923. She completed both bronze sculptures and bas-reliefs featuring animals, historic Spanish figures and characters from classical literature at the Audubon Terrace at the Hispanic Society of America in New York City.

Together the couple founded Brookgreen Gardens sculpture center and nature reserve near Georgetown, South Carolina, in 1931. It incorporates the antebellum Brookgreen Plantation as part of a park.[13]

Both of the Huntingtons' birthdays were March 10. They referred to the day as "3 in 1 day;" it is marked by celebrations at Atalaya and Brookgreen Gardens in South Carolina. The Huntingtons had no children together.[19]

See also

References
  1. "Huntington, Archer Milton". Who's Who. Vol. 59. 1907. p. 899.
  2. E., JASINSKI, LAURIE (15 June 2010). "HUNTINGTON, ARCHER MILTON". www.tshaonline.org.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. "Archer Milton Huntington". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 2023-02-09. Retrieved 2023-07-13.
  4. "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-07-13.
  5. Peel, Edmund: The Painter Joaquin Sorolla, Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1989, pp. 246-247
  6. "The Provinces of Spain". Media Center for Art History at Columbia University. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  7. Burke, Marcus. "A Collection in Context: The Hispanic Society of America". Media Center for Art History at Columbia University. Retrieved 21 April 2013. These murals can be seen in detail online at this Web site. n the First Floor map at the upper right, click on the blue dot in the left-most empty room -- which shows the whole Sorolla Room.
  8. "History". Hispanic Society of America. 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2019-11-01.
  9. Wright, John Kirtland (1952). Geography in the Making: The American Geographical Society 1851-1951. New York: The American Geographical Society. pp. 145. ISBN 1258469871.
  10. "Leardo Mappamundi 1452 | UWM Libraries". Archived from the original on 2019-02-06. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
  11. "Huntington, Archer M. (1907-1911), scroll honoring Huntington, 1955". collections.lib.uwm.edu. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
  12. "Huntington Gives Site for Academy; Men of Arts and Letters to Erect Building Near Riverside Drive and 155th St. Next to Hispanic Museum; National Institute and American Academy Accept Offer of Eight City Lots for Site," New York Times. January 25, 1915.
  13. The Gullah Culture: "History of Brookgreen Gardens" Archived July 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  14. "Librarian of Congress Appoints Donald Hall Poet Laureate". Library of Congress.
  15. Communications, SUNY-ESF Office of. "SUNY-ESF Web". www.esf.edu. Archived from the original on 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
  16. Communications, SUNY-ESF Office of. "SUNY-ESF Web". www.esf.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
  17. "History — National Academy Museum". National Academy. Archived from the original on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  18. "Ships for Tourists will be Chartered," NY Evening Post, Aug. 12, 1914.
  19. dgmweb.net Archer Milton Worsham Huntington genealogy
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