Boloria chariclea

Boloria chariclea, the Arctic fritillary or purplish fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in the northern parts of the Palearctic and Nearctic realms.

Arctic fritillary
B. c. montinus in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, U.S.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Genus: Boloria
Species:
B. chariclea
Binomial name
Boloria chariclea
Synonyms
  • Boloria montinus

Description
B. c. montinus wing underside

The uppersides of the wings are orange brown with small dark markings in neat rows. The underside of the forewing is orange with dark markings. The underside of the hindwing has a margin of small white spots topped with brown. Inside this are black inwardly pointing triangles with scant white areas. The median band is pale yellow brown to rusty brown mottled with white and with wavy, sometimes broken, black lines. The length of the forewings is about 17 mm (0.67 in). The butterfly flies from July to August depending on the location.[2][3]

Distribution and habitat

The Arctic fritillary has a Holarctic distribution. In Europe it is found in northern Lapland and Russia. In North America it is found in Alaska and much of Canada, the north Cascades, the Rocky Mountains southwards to Utah and northern New Mexico, northern Minnesota, northern Maine and the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Its typical habitat is tundra, taiga, alpine meadows, stream verges and acid bogs.[2]

Life cycle

The males patrol along the edges of bogs and in valleys and wait for the arrival of females. The eggs are laid singly underneath the leaves of the host plant. In North America the larvae feed on viola species, dwarf willows (Salix) and possibly blueberries (Vaccinium)[2] while in Europe it is believed to feed on yellow wood violet (Viola biflora) and Arctic white heather (Cassiope tetragona).[3] Depending on location, the larvae take one or two years to develop into adults, newly hatched caterpillars hibernate during the first winter and fourth-stage caterpillars hibernate during the second.[2]

Subspecies
  • B. c. chariclea Arctic Europe
  • B. c. arctica (Zetterstedt, 1839) Arctic Asia, Wrangel Island, Chukotka
  • B. c. butleri (Edwards, 1883) Arctic America, Chukotka, Kamchatka
  • B. c. boisduvalii (Duponchel, 1832) Alaska, Alberta, Labrador, Newfoundland, Minnesota, British Columbia
  • B. c. rainieri (Barnes & McDunnough, 1913) Washington
  • B. c. grandis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1916) North British Columbia, Ontario
  • B. c. montina (Scudder, 1863)
  • B. c. helena (Edwards, 1871) Rocky Mountains

Etymology

Named in the Classical tradition. Chariclea (Chariklo) is the favorite and friend of Athena.

References
  1. Schneider, 1794, Neueste Magazin fur die Liebhaber der Entomologie. Stralsund, Struck, Part V, 1794. 588
  2. "Arctic Fritillary: Boloria chariclea (Schneider, 1794)". Butterflies and Moths of North America. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
  3. "Arctic Fritillary: Boloria chariclea". NatureGate. Retrieved 2013-12-19.

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