Ardglen Tunnel
The Ardglen Tunnel, also called the Liverpool Range tunnel, is a heritage-listed summit rail tunnel located on the Main North railway between Ardglen in the Liverpool Plains Shire and Murrurundi in the Upper Hunter Shire local government area, both in New South Wales, Australia. The tunnel crosses under the Liverpool Range near its east end, below Nowlands Gap (otherwise known as Murrurundi Gap), the crossing used by the New England Highway, and provides a vital link between Newcastle and Werris Creek. The tunnel was completed in 1877 and is owned by the Transport Asset Holding Entity, a state-owned corporation of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.[4][5][6]
 Ardglen station with a train past summit of the Liverpool Range, 26 October 1954 | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Official name | Ardglen Tunnel |
| Other name(s) | Liverpool Range tunnel Doughboy Hollow |
| Line | Main North railway |
| Coordinates | 31°44′29″S 150°47′48″E |
| Crosses | Liverpool Range |
| Operation | |
| Work begun | 1874 |
| Constructed | Mr. J. Wolfe[1] Mr. William Wakeford[1] |
| Opened | 13 August 1877[2] |
| Technical | |
| Length | 528 yards (483 m)[3] |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) |
| Lowest elevation | 2,161 feet (659 m) |
| Official name | Ardglen Tunnel |
| Type | State heritage (built) |
| Criteria | f. |
| Designated | 2 April 1999 |
| Reference no. | 1021 |
| Type | Railway Tunnel |
| Category | Transport - Rail |
Description
The tunnel is 528 yards (483 m) long, and is approached on either side by 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) climbs at the ruling grade of 1 in 40 (2.5%). The single track tunnel, the oldest of its type in use in New South Wales,[4][5][6] when combined with the steep grades, make this section of the Main North rail line a rail bottleneck.
Construction of the tunnel was commenced by boring from both ends. The new line from Murrurundi had been finished up to the east of the tunnel to aid in the supply of materials, and the two bores had met with the tunnel navigable by foot.[7] By June 1876 the tunnel was enlarged and brick lined with track laid. The contractors engine made it through the tunnel by July 1876.[8] The line to Quirindi was opened in August 1877.[9]
Fumes
The Ardglen Tunnel is at the summit of ruling grades, and because of its narrow profile, it created fume problems during steam days.[10] Larger locomotives, such as the 60-class Garratt, were either prohibited or limited in load. Fortunately most heavy trains went through the tunnel in the downhill direction, towards Sydney and Newcastle.
Sydney and Newcastle are to the left.
Proposed deviations
To cope with considerably increased coal traffic from north of the tunnel from 2010 and beyond, various deviations are proposed. These deviations can either keep the existing summit tunnel, or bore a much longer tunnel at a 200-metre (660 ft) lower elevation. The deviations that keep the existing tunnel increase the length of the line so as to ease the gradient to 1 in 80 which is the ruling gradient on the rest of the line to the port. The existing line would be retained for empty trains going the other way, so forming double track.
Stations
The stations on either side of Ardglen Tunnel from the south are:
- Murrurundi – medium length crossing loop and start of ruling grades. Had a locomotive depot for bank engines in steam days
- Pangela – closed short crossing loop on ruling gradient
- Ardglen Tunnel – summit
- Ardglen – medium length crossing loop and railway station, being further lengthened in 2010
- Kankool – short crossing loop on ruling gradient
- Willow Tree – medium length crossing loop and railway station and end of ruling grades
Heritage listing
Ardglen tunnel is of high significance as the oldest single line tunnel in use in the State and as one of the very few remaining single line tunnels in use. It is also an important landscape element at the head of the ridge which is approached by steep grades in both directions.[4]
Ardglen Tunnel was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.[4]
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
This item is assessed as historically rare. This item is assessed as scientifically rare. This item is assessed as archeologically rare. This item is assessed as socially rare.[4]
References
- "QUIRINDI". The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser. Vol. XXXIV, no. 4593. New South Wales, Australia. 16 October 1877. p. 7 – via National Library of Australia.
- "Ardglen Tunnel". NSWRail.Net. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- "The Northern Railway Extension". The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser. Vol. XXXII, no. 4211. New South Wales, Australia. 13 May 1875. p. 4 – via National Library of Australia.
- "Ardglen Tunnel". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01021. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence. - "Ardglen Railway Tunnel". New South Wales Heritage Database. Office of Environment & Heritage. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- "Ardglen Tunnel". New South Wales Heritage Database. Office of Environment & Heritage. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- "PROGRESS OF THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY". The Armidale Express and New England General Advertiser. New South Wales, Australia. 18 August 1876. p. 8 – via National Library of Australia.
- "LOCAL NEWS". The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser. Vol. XXXIII, no. 4394. New South Wales, Australia. 13 July 1876. p. 5 – via National Library of Australia.
- "MISCELLANEOUS". The Kiama Independent, and Shoalhaven Advertiser. Vol. XV, no. 799. New South Wales, Australia. 17 August 1877. p. 2 – via National Library of Australia.
"Extension of the Northern Line to Quirindi". Evening News. No. 3156. New South Wales, Australia. 14 August 1877. p. 3 – via National Library of Australia. - Bailey, William A. (1974). Tunnel on Australian Railways. Austrail Publications. p. 9.
Attribution
This Wikipedia article contains material from Ardglen Tunnel, entry number 01021 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 2 June 2018.
- This Wikipedia article contains material from Ardglen Tunnel, entry number in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 2 June 2018.
- This Wikipedia article contains material from Ardglen Railway Tunnel, entry number in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 2 June 2018.