Hachirō Arita

Hachirō Arita (有田 八郎, Arita Hachirō, 21 September 1884 4 March 1965) was a Japanese politician and diplomat who served as the Minister for Foreign Affairs for three terms. He coined the term Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, which provided an official agenda for Imperial Japan's expansionism.[1]

Hachirō Arita
有田 八郎
Arita in 1936
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Empire of Japan
In office
March 1936  February 1937
Preceded byKōki Hirota
Succeeded bySenjūrō Hayashi
In office
29 October 1938  5 January 1939
Preceded byKazushige Ugaki
Succeeded byNobuyuki Abe
In office
16 January 1940  22 July 1940
Preceded byKichisaburō Nomura
Succeeded byYōsuke Matsuoka
Personal details
Born(1884-09-21)September 21, 1884
Sado, Niigata, Empire of Japan
DiedMarch 4, 1965(1965-03-04) (aged 80)
Tokyo, Japan
Alma materTokyo Imperial University

Biography

Arita was born on the island of Sado in Niigata Prefecture. He joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs after graduation in 1909 from the Law School of Tokyo Imperial University, and established himself as an expert on Asian affairs. Arita was on the Japanese delegation to the Versailles Peace Treaty Conference of 1919, and in his early career also was stationed at the Japanese consulates in Mukden and in Honolulu. He served as Japanese ambassador to Austria in 1930. He returned to Japan to briefly serve as Vice Foreign Minister in 1932, but returned to Europe in 1933 as Japanese ambassador to Belgium.

Arita became Foreign Minister under the cabinet of Prime Minister Kōki Hirota in 1936, and continued to serve in that post under the administrations of Fumimaro Konoe and Kiichirō Hiranuma and Mitsumasa Yonai. He was also a member of the House of Peers in the Diet of Japan from 1938.

Arita was an opponent of the Tripartite Pact, and continually pushed for better relations with the United States. However, with the increasing power and influence of the military in Japanese politics, he was repeatedly forced to make compromises. From 1938 to 1940, he and Konoe worked together to create the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, which deliberately outlined vague objectives for propaganda purposes. Arita emphasized on the economic aspects, at the behest of Yōsuke Matsuoka, whilst Konoe emphasized on pan-Asian unity. [2]

After the end of the war, Arita successfully ran for a seat in the House of Representatives in 1953. He attempted to run for the office of Governor of Tokyo in 1955 and again in 1959, but lost both elections. He died in 1965, and his grave is at the Tama Cemetery in Fuchū, Tokyo.

Private affairs

Arita was a well-known political figure and his adultery with the hostess of a Ginza nightclub was publicized by the novel Utage no ato (宴のあと, After the Banquet) by Yukio Mishima. After its publication in 1960, Arita sued Mishima for invasion of privacy. The Tokyo District Court ruled in favor of Arita in 1963, marking the first time the right to privacy of a public figure had been recognized by a Japanese court.

References

  1. Colegrove, Kenneth (1941). "The New Order in East Asia". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 1 (1) via JSTOR.
  2. Colegrove, Kenneth (1941). "The New Order in East Asia". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 1 (1) via JSTOR.

Books

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