Arnoseris

Arnoseris is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.[2][3][4]

Arnoseris
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Cichorioideae
Tribe: Cichorieae
Subtribe: Cichoriinae
Genus: Arnoseris
Gaertn.
Species:
A. minima
Binomial name
Arnoseris minima
(L.) Schweigg. & Korte
Synonyms[1]
  • Hyoseris minima L.
  • Hyoseris sprengelii Steud.
  • Lapsana gracilis Lam.
  • Arnoseris clavata Bubani
  • Hyoseris exigua Salisb.
  • Lapsana pusilla Willd.
  • Arnoseris pusilla Gaertn.
  • Lapsana minima (L.) All.
  • Cichorium arnoseris E.H.L.Krause

The only known species is Arnoseris minima, native to Europe, Morocco, and the Middle East; naturalized in parts of northeastern North America (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Maine, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan).[5][6] Common names in the United States: dwarf nipplewort or lamb-succory.[7] Common names in the British Isles: lamb's succory.[8]

It has a maximum height of 30 cm, is herbaceous and does not spread vegetatively.[9]

The species became extinct across the British Isles in 1971.[10] There was an attempt to reintroduce the species, and there has been one recent sighting in England.[11]

Arnoseris minima is an annual weed of cornfields and fallow fields, favouring infertile, sandy, acidic soils.[12]

Arnoseris minima photographed in Poland in 2008

The word 'succory' is an anglicization of the French 'cichorie' (chicory). The 'lamb' in the name denotes that it is a chicory only suitable for animal consumption.[13] The genus Arnoseris comes from the Ancient Greek 'arnos seris' meaning 'sheep's endive'. The species epithet minima means 'small'.[14]

Secondary metabolites

Arnoseris minima is a source of the simple coumarin aesculetin and the flavonoids luteolin, luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside, luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucoside, and 3-O-methylquercetin.[15]

References
  1. "Global Compositae Checklist". archive.is. 2014-11-08. Archived from the original on 2014-11-08. Retrieved 2018-12-17.
  2. Gaertner, Joseph. 1791. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum. 2(3): 355 in Latin
  3. Gaertner, Joseph. 1791. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum. 2(3):plate 157, figure 3 line drawing as illustration
  4. Tropicos, Arnoseris Gaertn.
  5. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map
  6. Altervista Flora Italiana, Arnoseris minima (L.) Schweigg. & Korte includes photos and European distribution map
  7. Brako, L., A.Y. Rossman & D.F. Farr. 1995. Scientific and Common Names of 7,000 Vascular Plants in the United States 1–294.
  8. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  9. Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora
  10. Woodland Trust - 7 Extinct Plants in the UK and the Rarest Plants to Save
  11. Online Atlas of the British Flora
  12. Online Atlas of the British Flora
  13. a New Universal Etymological and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language
  14. Flora of North America
  15. Zidorn, C; Udovičić, V; Spitaler, R; Ellmerer, E P; Stuppner, H (2005). "Secondary metabolites from Arnoseris minima". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 33 (8): 827–829. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2004.12.026. ISSN 0305-1978.
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