Isotopes of arsenic

Isotopes of arsenic (₃₃As)
γ	–
β+	74Ge
γ	–
β−	74Se
Standard atomic weight Ar°(As)
	74.921595±0.000006; 74.922±0.001 (abridged)[2][3];

Arsenic (₃₃As) has 33 known isotopes and at least 10 isomers. Only one of these isotopes, ⁷⁵As, is stable; as such, it is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioisotope is ⁷³As with a half-life of 80 days. Arsenic has been proposed as a "salting" material for nuclear weapons (cobalt is another, better-known salting material). A jacket of ⁷⁵As, irradiated by the intense high-energy neutron flux from an exploding thermonuclear weapon, would transmute into the radioactive isotope ⁷⁶As with a half-life of 1.0778 days and produce approximately 1.13 MeV gamma radiation, significantly increasing the radioactivity of the weapon's fallout for several hours. Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used.

Transmutation of arsenic to much less toxic selenium could prevent cycling of arsenic, from groundwater to waterways to oceans and back via Sargassum seaweeds. Bioremediation can provide a large supply of arsenic and rid aquifers of persistent poisoning issues.

List of isotopes

Nuclide [n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3]	Half-life	Decay mode [n 4]	Daughter isotope [n 5][n 6]	Spin and parity [n 7][n 8]	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide [n 1]	Excitation energy[n 8]			Half-life	Decay mode [n 4]	Daughter isotope [n 5][n 6]	Spin and parity [n 7][n 8]	Normal proportion	Range of variation
⁶⁰As	33	27	59.99313(64)#		p	⁵⁹Ge	5+#
⁶¹As	33	28	60.98062(64)#		p	⁶⁰Ge	3/2−#
⁶²As	33	29	61.97320(32)#		p	⁶¹Ge	1+#
⁶³As	33	30	62.96369(54)#		p	⁶²Ge	(3/2−)#
⁶⁴As	33	31	63.95757(38)#	40(30) ms [18(+43-7) ms]	β⁺	⁶⁴Ge	0+#
⁶⁵As	33	32	64.94956(32)#	170(30) ms	β⁺	⁶⁵Ge	3/2−#
⁶⁶As	33	33	65.94471(73)	95.77(23) ms	β⁺	⁶⁶Ge	(0+)
^66m1As	1356.70(17) keV			1.1(1) µs			(5+)
^66m2As	3023.9(3) keV			8.2(5) µs			(9+)
⁶⁷As	33	34	66.93919(11)	42.5(12) s	β⁺	⁶⁷Ge	(5/2−)
⁶⁸As	33	35	67.93677(5)	151.6(8) s	β⁺	⁶⁸Ge	3+
^68mAs	425.21(16) keV			111(20) ns [?107(+23-16) ns]			1+
⁶⁹As	33	36	68.93227(3)	15.2(2) min	β⁺	⁶⁹Ge	5/2−
⁷⁰As	33	37	69.93092(5)	52.6(3) min	β⁺	⁷⁰Ge	4(+#)
^70mAs	32.008(23) keV			96(3) µs			2(+)
⁷¹As	33	38	70.927112(5)	65.28(15) h	β⁺	⁷¹Ge	5/2−
⁷²As	33	39	71.926752(5)	26.0(1) h	β⁺	⁷²Ge	2−
⁷³As	33	40	72.923825(4)	80.30(6) d	EC	⁷³Ge	3/2−
⁷⁴As	33	41	73.9239287(25)	17.77(2) d	β⁺ (66%)	⁷⁴Ge	2−
⁷⁴As	33	41	73.9239287(25)	17.77(2) d	β⁻ (34%)	⁷⁴Se	2−
⁷⁵As	33	42	74.9215965(20)	Stable			3/2−	1.0000
^75mAs	303.9241(7) keV			17.62(23) ms			9/2+
⁷⁶As	33	43	75.922394(2)	1.0942(7) d	β⁻ (99.98%)	⁷⁶Se	2−
⁷⁶As	33	43	75.922394(2)	1.0942(7) d	EC (.02%)	⁷⁶Ge	2−
^76mAs	44.425(1) keV			1.84(6) µs			(1)+
⁷⁷As	33	44	76.9206473(25)	38.83(5) h	β⁻	^77mSe	3/2−
^77mAs	475.443(16) keV			114.0(25) µs			9/2+
⁷⁸As	33	45	77.921827(11)	90.7(2) min	β⁻	⁷⁸Se	2−
⁷⁹As	33	46	78.920948(6)	9.01(15) min	β⁻	^79mSe	3/2−
^79mAs	772.81(6) keV			1.21(1) µs			(9/2)+
⁸⁰As	33	47	79.922534(25)	15.2(2) s	β⁻	⁸⁰Se	1+
⁸¹As	33	48	80.922132(6)	33.3(8) s	β⁻	^81mSe	3/2−
⁸²As	33	49	81.92450(21)	19.1(5) s	β⁻	⁸²Se	(1+)
^82mAs	250(200) keV			13.6(4) s	β⁻	⁸²Se	(5-)
⁸³As	33	50	82.92498(24)	13.4(3) s	β⁻	^83mSe	3/2−#
⁸⁴As	33	51	83.92906(32)#	4.02(3) s	β⁻ (99.721%)	⁸⁴Se	(3)(+#)
⁸⁴As	33	51	83.92906(32)#	4.02(3) s	β⁻, n (.279%)	⁸³Se	(3)(+#)
^84mAs	0(100)# keV			650(150) ms
⁸⁵As	33	52	84.93202(21)#	2.021(10) s	β⁻, n (59.4%)	⁸⁴Se	(3/2−)#
⁸⁵As	33	52	84.93202(21)#	2.021(10) s	β⁻ (40.6%)	⁸⁵Se	(3/2−)#
⁸⁶As	33	53	85.93650(32)#	0.945(8) s	β⁻ (67%)	⁸⁶Se
⁸⁶As	33	53	85.93650(32)#	0.945(8) s	β⁻, n (33%)	⁸⁵Se
⁸⁷As	33	54	86.93990(32)#	0.56(8) s	β⁻ (84.6%)	⁸⁷Se	3/2−#
⁸⁷As	33	54	86.93990(32)#	0.56(8) s	β⁻, n (15.4%)	⁸⁶Se	3/2−#
⁸⁸As	33	55	87.94494(54)#	300# ms [>300 ns]	β⁻	⁸⁸Se
⁸⁸As	33	55	87.94494(54)#	300# ms [>300 ns]	β⁻, n	⁸⁷Se
⁸⁹As	33	56	88.94939(54)#	200# ms [>300 ns]	β⁻	⁸⁹Se	3/2−#
⁹⁰As	33	57	89.95550(86)#	80# ms [>300 ns]
⁹¹As	33	58	90.96043(97)#	50# ms [>300 ns]			3/2−#
⁹²As	33	59	91.96680(97)#	30# ms [>300 ns]
This table header & footer:

^mAs – Excited nuclear isomer.
( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

n: Neutron emission

p: Proton emission
Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

References

Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
"Standard Atomic Weights: Arsenic". CIAAW. 2013.
Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.

"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
A.Shore, A. Fritsch, M. Heim, A. Schuh, M. Thoennessen. Discovery of the Arsenic Isotopes. arXiv:0902.4361.

External links

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[4] As – Excited nuclear isomer.

[5] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-6] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[7] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

n: Neutron emission

p: Proton emission

[8] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[9] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[10] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[TNN-11] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Arsenic". CIAAW. 2013.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.