Arthur Leyland Harrison

Lieutenant-Commander Arthur Leyland Harrison, VC (3 February 1886 – 23 April 1918) was an English Royal Navy officer, and World War I recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

For other people named Arthur Harrison, see Arthur Harrison (disambiguation).

Arthur Leyland Harrison
Born(1886-02-03)3 February 1886
Torquay, Devon
Died23 April 1918(1918-04-23) (aged 32)
Zeebrugge, Belgium
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service/branch Royal Navy
RankLieutenant-Commander
UnitHMS Lion
HMS Vindictive
Battles/warsWorld War I
Awards Victoria Cross
Mentioned in dispatches
----
Rugby union career
Position(s) Forward
Senior career
Years Team Apps (Points)
United Services Portsmouth RFC
Royal Navy Rugby Union		 ()
International career
Years Team Apps (Points)
1914 England 2[1]
Zeebrugge Memorial. Inscription reads:
TO THE GLORY OF GOD
AND IN MEMORY OF
THESE THREE OFFICERS
AND ONE MECHANIC OF THE ROYAL NAVY
WHO FELL ON THE MOLE AT ZEEBRUGGE
ON ST GEORGE'S DAY 1918 AND HAVE
NO KNOWN GRAVE
WING COMMANDER BROCK F. A. O.B.E.
LIEUTENANT COMMANDER HARRISON A. L. V.C.
LIEUTENANT HAWKINGS C.E.V.
MECHANIC SECOND CLASS F/50269 ROUSE J.

Early life

Harrison was born in Torquay, Devon, and educated at Brockhurst Preparatory School, where he is remembered every Armistice Day and at Dover College. At school Harrison was a tremendous all-round games player and, whilst in the Navy, he played rugby union and was capped twice for the England national rugby union team.[2] He is the only England rugby union international to have been awarded the VC. Rugby league namesake Jack Harrison was also awarded the VC posthumously in 1917

On 15 September 1902 he was posted as a naval cadet to the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS Mars, serving on the Channel Squadron.[3] The following month it was reported that he would be lent to the armoured cruiser HMS Good Hope which was in the last stages of completion before her first commission in November.[4]

First World War

He served aboard the battlecruiser HMS Lion for most of the war, seeing action at the battle of Heligoland Bight in 1914 and battle of Dogger Bank in 1915. He also saw action at the Battle of Jutland in 1916, and was mentioned in despatches [5]

Zeebrugge raid

The Zeebrugge Raid was an attack in April 1918 on the Belgian port of Zeebrugge to stop it being a base for German submarines. The raid was two actions: landing raiding parties on the mole from the obsolete cruiser HMS Vindictive and two ferries and the sinking of three old ships in the entrance of the harbour to block it. Vindictive was fitted with howitzers, flame-throwers and mortars so she could be used against the German defenders and as well as naval raiding parties carried two infantry companies of the 4th Battalion, Royal Marine Light Infantry .

The official citation for the award:

For most conspicuous gallantry at Zeebrugge on the night of the 22nd-23rd April, 1918. This officer was in immediate command of the Naval Storming Parties embarked in 'Vindictive'. Immediately before coming alongside the Mole Lieut.-Commander Harrison was struck on the head by a fragment of a shell which broke his jaw and knocked him senseless. Recovering consciousness he proceeded on to the Mole and took over command of his party, who were attacking the seaward end of the Mole. The silencing of the guns on the Mole head was of the first importance, and though in a position fully exposed to the enemy's machine-gun fire Lieut.-Commander Harrison gathered his men together and led them to the attack. He was killed at the head of his men, all of whom were either killed or wounded. Lieut.-Commander Harrison, though already severely wounded and undoubtedly in great pain, displayed indomitable resolution and courage of the highest order in pressing his attack, knowing as he did that any delay in silencing the guns might jeopardise the main object of the expedition, i.e., the blocking of the Zeebrugge-Bruges Canal.[6][7]

His body was never recovered. He, along with three others who were missing in action on the Zeebrugge raid, are commemorated on the Zeebrugge Memorial, at the Zeebrugge Churchyard. He is also commemorated by a brass plaque, mounted in the Warrior Chapel at St Mary's Wimbledon.[8]

George Bradford who led the raiding parties from the ferry Iris II was also awarded a posthumous VC for his actions in the raid.[7]

The Medal

His mother Adelaide Ellen Harrison, who lived in Wimbledon, London, received the VC and in 1967 relatives donated it to the Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Devon where it is on public display.

See also

References
  1. profile at scrum.com
  2. Rugby History Society
  3. "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36855. London. 25 August 1902. p. 8.
  4. "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36901. London. 17 October 1902. p. 8.
  5. "No. 29751". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 September 1916. pp. 9063–9083.
  6. CWGC entry
  7. "No. 31236". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 March 1919. pp. 3590–3591.
  8. Arthur Leyland Harrison on Lives of the First World War

Further reading
  • Cooper, Stephen (2012). The Final Whistle The Great War in Fifteen Players. New York: The History Press. ISBN 9780752481241.
  • News Item (unveiling of a memorial and action account)
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