Asparagus asparagoides

Asparagus asparagoides, commonly known as bridal creeper, bridal-veil creeper, gnarboola, smilax or smilax asparagus, is a herbaceous climbing plant of the family Asparagaceae native to eastern and southern Africa. Sometimes grown as an ornamental plant, it has become a serious environmental weed in Australia and New Zealand.

See also: Smilax

Asparagus asparagoides
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Asparagoideae
Genus: Asparagus
Species:
A. asparagoides
Binomial name
Asparagus asparagoides
(L.) Druce 1914
Synonyms[1]
List
  • Medeola asparagoides L. 1753
  • Asparagus kuisibensis Dinter
  • Asparagus medeoloides (L.f.) Thunb.
  • Asparagus medeoloides var. angustifolius (Mill.) Baker
  • Asparagus medeoloides var. falciformis (Kunth) Baker
  • Dracaena medeoloides L.f
  • Elachanthera sewelliae F.Muell.
  • Elide asparagoides (L.) Kerguélen
  • Luzuriaga sewelliae (F.Muell.) K.Krause
  • Medeola angustifolia Mill.
  • Medeola latifolia Salisb.
  • Myrsiphyllum angustifolium (Mill.) Willd.
  • Myrsiphyllum falciforme Kunth
  • Ruscus volubilis Thunb.
  • Myrsiphyllum asparagoides (L.) Willd.

Taxonomy

Linnaeus first described this species as Medeola asparagoides in 1753. It has been reclassified in the genus Asparagus by W. Wight in 1909, or Myrsiphyllum by Carl Ludwig von Willdenow in 1808.[2]

Description

Asparagus asparagoides grows as a herbaceous vine with a scrambling or climbing habit which can reach 3 m (10 ft) in length.[3] It has shiny green leaf-like structures (phylloclades) which are flattened stems rather than true leaves. They measure up to 4 cm long by 2 cm wide.[2] The pendent white flowers appear over winter and spring, from July to September.[3] It is rhizomatous, and bears tubers which reach 6 cm (2.4 in) by 2 cm (1.8 in) in size.[2]

Distribution and habitat

It ranges throughout tropical Africa, south to Namibia,[2] and the fynbos in South Africa, as far south as Cape Town.[3]

It has become naturalised in parts of southern California[4][5][6] and Australia, where it is considered an invasive plant.[7]

Uses

Asparagus asparagoides, often under the name smilax,[8][9] is commonly used in floral arrangements or home decorating.[10]

Invasive species
A bridal creeper infestation in Australia

A. asparagoides is a major weed species in southern Australia and in New Zealand. In Australia, it is listed as a Weed of National Significance.

It was introduced to Australia from South Africa around 1857, for use as a foliage plant, especially in bridal bouquets (hence the common name). It has escaped into the bush and smothers the native vegetation with the thick foliage and thick underground mat of tubers which restrict root growth of other species. It is recognised as one of the 20 "weeds of national significance". The seeds are readily spread in the droppings of birds, rabbits and foxes, as well as the plant extending its root system.[11] CSIRO have introduced several biological controls in an attempt to reduce the spread and impact of the weed.[7]

In New Zealand A. asparagoides is listed under the National Pest Plant Accord and is classified as an "unwanted organism".[12]

References
  1. The Plant List, Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce
  2. Eggli, Urs; Hartmann, Heidrun E. K.; Albers, Focke; Meve, Ulrich (17 July 2001). Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Vol. 6. Springer. p. 231. ISBN 3-540-41692-7.
  3. Manning, John; Paterson-Jones, Colin (2007). Field guide to fynbos. Struik. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-77007-265-7.
  4. Clarke, Oscar F. (2007). Flora of the Santa Ana River and environs: with references to world botany. Heyday. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-59714-050-8.
  5. "2. Asparagus asparagoides (Linnaeus) Druce". Flora of North America.
  6. "Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce: African asparagus fern". PLANTS.
  7. "Bridal creeper, Asparagus asparagoides". CSIRO Division of Entomology. Archived from the original on 9 May 2006. Retrieved 2006-04-30.
  8. "smilax". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
  9. smilax at yourdictionary.com
  10. Edward Albert White (1923). Principles of flower arrangement. ISBN 978-1-4297-5688-4.
  11. "bridal creeper". weed of the month. CRC weed management. Archived from the original on 2005-12-15. Retrieved 2006-04-30.
  12. "Smilax". Biosecurity New Zealand. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-01-13.

Further reading
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