Astronomical Calculation Institute (Heidelberg University)

The Astronomical Calculation Institute (German: Astronomisches Rechen-Institut; ARI) is a research institute in Heidelberg, Germany, dating from the 1700s. Beginning in 2005, the ARI became part of the Center for Astronomy at Heidelberg University (Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, ZAH). Previously, the institute directly belonged to the state of Baden-Württemberg.

The Astronomisches Rechen-Institut

Description

The ARI has a rich history.[1] It was founded in 1700 in Berlin-Dahlem by Gottfried Kirch. It had its origin in a patent application by Frederick I of Prussia, who introduced a monopoly on publishing star catalogs in Prussia. In 1945 the Institute was moved by the Americans nearer to the United States Army Garrison Heidelberg. On January 1, 2005 the combined Center for Astronomy institute formed by combining ARI, with the Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics (Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, ITA) and the Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl ("Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory", LSW).

The ARI has been responsible among other things for the Gliese catalog of nearby stars, the fundamental catalogs FK5 and FK6, and the annually-published "Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars" (APFS),[2] stellar ephemerides that provide high-precision mean and apparent positions of over three thousand stars for each day.

During 1938–1945, whilst based in Berlin, ARI published the academic journal Astronomical Notes (German: Astronomische Nachrichten). As of 2016, ARI was not limited to only publishing star catalogs, but has a wider research scope, including gravitational lensing, galaxy evolution, stellar dynamics, and cosmology. ARI is also involved in space astronomy missions including the Gaia mission.

In 2007 professors Eva K. Grebel and Joachim Wambsganß (de) became co-directors of the institute.

Other researchers involved with the institute include Hartmut Jahreiß author of the updated Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars; Eugene Rabe; Lutz D. Schmadel, author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names; Hans Scholl; and Rainer Spurzem working with N-body simulations.

Directors

Between 1700 and 2007 there was a single director of the institute at a time. From 2007 onwards there were joint co-directors of the institute:

From/to Director
1700–1710 Gottfried Kirch
1710–1716 Johann Heinrich Hoffmann
1716–1740 Christfried Kirch
1740–1745 Johann Wilhelm Wagner
1745–1749 August Nathanael Grischow
1752–1752 Joseph Jerome Le Francais de Lalande
1754–1755 Johann Kies
1755–1755 Franz Ulrich Theodosius Aepinus
1756–1756 Johann Jakob Huber
1758–1758 Johann Albert Euler
1764–1787 Johann III Bernoulli
1787–1825 Johann Elert Bode
1825–1863 Johann Franz Encke
1865–1874 Wilhelm Foerster
1874–1895 Friedrich Tietjen
1896–1909 Julius Bauschinger
1909–1922 Fritz Cohn (de)
1924–1954 August Kopff
1955–1985 Walter Fricke
1985–2004 Roland Wielen
2004–2007 Joachim Wambsganß (de)
2007–pres. Eva Grebel / Joachim Wambsganß

Notes
  1. "ARI History (- 1968) (German)". ARI. 2014-12-29. Retrieved 2014-12-29.
  2. Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars

See also

49°25′4.3″N 8°41′16.7″E

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