August zu Eulenburg

August Ludwig Traugott Botho Graf[lower-alpha 1] zu Eulenburg (22 October 1838 – 16 June 1921) was an officer in the Prussian, and later German armies, and official in the Prussian royal court. He was the younger brother of Count Botho zu Eulenburg, who served as Minister-President of Prussia from 1892 to 1894, and a second cousin of Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg, the close friend of Kaiser Wilhelm II.

Graf

August zu Eulenburg
Full name
August Ludwig Traugott Botho
Born(1838-10-22)22 October 1838
Königsberg, Kingdom of Prussia
Died16 June 1921(1921-06-16) (aged 82)
Berlin, Weimar Republic
Spouse(s)Adelaide von Witzleben
FatherCount Botho Heinrich zu Eulenburg
MotherCountess Therese von Dönhoff

Biography

Born into the Upper Saxon noble family of Eulenburg, August joined the army on 1 November 1856 as a grenadier in the 1st Foot Guard Regiment after his graduation from the Marienwerder Gymnasium. He was promoted to second lieutenant two years later on 13 April 1858, and between 1860 and 1862 he participated in the trade mission in East Asia as an attaché under his kinsman Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg.[1][2]

Upon his return to Prussia in 1865, Eulenburg pursued a career in the royal court; he was made a personal adjutant to the crown prince (the future Emperor Frederick III), before being appointed Marshal of the Royal Court in 1868, thus placing him in charge of the court's administrative affairs. He then served as a member of the General-Ordenskommission from 1879 to 1890, and served as Chief Master of Ceremonies between 1883 and 1914 and Grand Marshal of the Court and House (Oberhof- und Hausmarschall) to Kaiser Wilhelm II from 1890 to 1914. He was also a member of the Herrenhaus and Minister of the Royal House from 1907 to the end of Wilhelm II's reign in 1918.[2]

Following Otto von Bismarck's dismissal in 1890, Eulenburg mediated the reconciliation between the emperor and former chancellor. Conversely, he encouraged the rift between his brother Botho and Caprivi, in the hopes that the former would replace the latter as chancellor, as Botho was seen in conservative circles as a bulwark against the rising threat of social democracy; Wilhelm II would ultimately appoint Prince Hohenlohe.[1]

Eulenburg retired from active military service as a colonel in 1889, but was promoted to major-general in 1891 and lieutenant-general in 1895, before being made à la suite General of the Infantry on 18 October 1904.[2] He continued to serve as Chief Representative (General-Bevollmächtigter) of the House of Hohenzollern after the November Revolution for the remainder of his life.

He died in 1921 in Berlin, and was buried in the Holy Trinity Cemetery in the Kreuzberg district alongside his family.[3]

Honours
German orders and decorations[4]
Foreign orders and decorations[4]

Notes
  1. Regarding personal names: Until 1919, Graf was a title, translated as Count, not a first or middle name. The female form is Gräfin. In Germany, it has formed part of family names since 1919.

References
  1. Born 1959, p. 679.
  2. Kocka & Neugebauer 2001, p. 350.
  3. Mende, Hans Jürgen (2018), Lexikon Berliner Begräbnisstätten (in German), Berlin: Pharus-Plan, p. 224, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1
  4. Handbuch über den Königlich Preußischen Hof und Staat (1908), Hofstaat p. 11
  5. "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), Berlin, 1: 56, 562, 946, 1886 – via hathitrust.org
  6. "Königlicher Haus-orden von Hohenzollern", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.) (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1886, p. 100 – via hathitrust.org
  7. Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt (1894) "Herzoglicher Haus-orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 20
  8. Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 43, 58
  9. Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern (1908), "Königliche Orden" p. 10, 26, 81
  10. Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtums Sachsen-Altenburg (1884), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 35
  11. Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, pp. 9, 97 – via hathitrust.org
  12. "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen", Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein, Darmstadt, 1879, p. 80{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen". Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Mecklenburg-Strelitz: 1907 (in German). Neustrelitz: Druck und Debit der Buchdruckerei von G. F. Spalding und Sohn. 1907. p. 15.
  14. Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: 1879. Schulze. 1879. p. 47.
  15. Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 42
  16. Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. pp. 6, 162 – via hathitrust.org.
  17. Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1897), "Königliche Orden" pp. 44, 96
  18. Staatshandbuch für Württemberg. 1889. p. 53.
  19. "Ritter-orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1918, pp. 55, 74, 132, retrieved 23 January 2021
  20. Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1912) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1912 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1912] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. pp. 5–6, 11–12. Retrieved 30 April 2020 – via da:DIS Danmark.
  21. "Den kongelige norske Sanct Olavs Orden", Norges Statskalender (in Norwegian), 1910, pp. 911–912 – via hathitrust.org
  22. "Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III". Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish). 1920. p. 213. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
  23. Sveriges statskalender (PDF) (in Swedish), 1884, p. 424, retrieved 14 April 2021 – via gupea.ub.gu.se
  24. Sveriges statskalender (PDF) (in Swedish), 1890, p. 469, retrieved 14 April 2021 – via gupea.ub.gu.se
  25. "Kung. Svenska Riddareordnarna", Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1915, p. 671, retrieved 8 November 2020 – via runeberg.org
  26. The London Gazette, issue 27140, p. 8089

Literature
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