Australosyodon

Australosyodon is an extinct genus of dinocephalian therapsids from the middle Permian of South Africa. The first fossil was discovered in the 1980s near the village of Prince Albert Road in the Karoo region of South Africa.[1]

Australosyodon
Temporal range: Middle Permian,
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Synapsida
Clade: Therapsida
Suborder: Dinocephalia
Family: Anteosauridae
Genus: Australosyodon
Rubidge, 1994
Species:
A. nyaphuli
Binomial name
Australosyodon nyaphuli
Rubidge, 1994

The genus is closely related to the genus Syodon, found in the Russian Ischejewo fauna, and is thus regarded as the earliest example of an anteosaurid Dinocephalia outside of Russia. Australosyodon fossils have been recovered from the Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone, the lowest bank of the South African Beaufort Group, indicating the presence of primitive early therapsids in the southern hemisphere. The genus was first described by Bruce S. Rubidge in 1994.[2]

Description

Australosyodon was a medium-sized dinocephalian. The skull was high and narrow, with a length of 26 cm, indicating a total body length of approximately 1.8 m (6 ft).[3] The top of the skull displayed the thickening typical of dinocephalians. Overall there are many similarities to the skull of Syodon, although some minor differences in shape and in the extent of pachyostosis are present. The fangs were laterally compressed and featured a rearward-facing central cutting edge. Shape, number and arrangement of teeth are among the characteristics that allow distinguishing Australosyodon from Syodon.[2]

Classification

Australosyodon is regarded as a very primitive anteosaurid dinocephalian and as first known representative of that group in the southern hemisphere. Like Syodon, Australosyodon lacked the features typical for the more apomorphic members of the anteosauridae, e.g. the boss on the lower mandible found in Anteosaurus or Titanophoneus. These two closely related genera have therefore been combined into a subgenus Syodontinae.[4]

Chart

Therapsida

Biarmosuchus tener

Dinocephalia

Estemmenosuchus uralensis

Ulemosaurus svijagensis

Tapinocaninus pamelae

Anteosauridae

Archaeosyodon praeventor

Anteosaurinae

Sinophoneus yumenensis

Titanophoneus adamanteus

Titanophoneus potens

Anteosaurus magnificus

Syodontinae

Pampaphoneus biccai

Notosyodon gusevi

Syodon biarmicum

Australosyodon nyaphuli

See also

References

  1. "Palaeontologists find South America's oldest predator".
  2. Bruce S. Rubidge (1994). "Australosyodon. The first primitive Anteosaurid Dinocephalian from the Upper Permian of Gondwana" (PDF). Palaeontology. 37 (3): 579–594. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16.
  3. "Australosyodon".
  4. Christian Kammerer (2011). "Systematics of the Anteosauria (Therapsida: Dinocephalia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (2): 261–304. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.492645.
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