Automotive textile

An Automotive textile is a technical textile used in the transportation and automotive industries. The choice of type of automotive textile focuses on aspects of safety, comfort, and aesthetics.[1] These textiles have variety of applications in the automotive industry, such as interior fittings, safety features, sound insulation, and tire reinforcement.[2][3][4]

Front bucket seats in a BMW Alpina

Material and performance parameters
Deployed curtain airbag and side torso airbag in a Citroën C4

Certain performance parameters are required for automotive textiles.[5][2] Different needs are filled by different types of fiber and structures.

High tensile materials are used for airbags.[6] Truck covers are made with PVC or coated polyester material.[1] Textiles are also used for trunk coverings (often needle felts) and cargo tie downs. Many coated and reinforced textiles are used in materials for engines such as air ducts, timing belts, and air filters. Non-woven textiles are used for cabin air filtration and engine sound isolation.[4][2][3]

  • Abrasion resistance
  • Colorfastness to light and rubbing
  • UV protection
  • Tear and tensile strength and seam strength
  • Flame resistance
  • Anti-static
  • Stretch and recovery
  • Soil and stain release.

Textiles are also used in the interior of cars, the most obvious uses being for seat covers, safety belts and airbags.[7] Automotive textiles share similarities with home textiles but with stringent quality parameters. Automotive textiles use high-performance fibers, polyester, nylon produced by knitting, warp knitting, weaving or nonwovens.[4][2]

Nylon

Nylon fibers, which are strong, tough, resilient, and elastic, are the most commonly used fiber type in automotive textiles.[3]

Polyester

Polyester is appropriate for upholstery and seat cushions because it is a strong material with satisfactory colorfastness properties.[3]

Aramid

Hoses require strong, chemical-resistant materials such as polyester, rayon, or aramid.[3]

Carbon

Woven fabrics and composites of carbon fiber are used in car parts.[8][9]

Composite materials

Composite materials are formed by combining materials to create an overall structure with properties that differ from individual components. Composite materials are used in headliners of the vehicles.[10][11]

Leather and other alternatives

For seat covers, pure leather and imitated leather, and suede finished fabric is used. Ultrasuede is a type of suede material that is used in automobile and aircraft seats.[12][13]

Polyurethane is used for foam.[14]

Blends or hybrid materials

To achieve certain functional characteristics, blended (mix of two types of fibers) covering materials are also used in automotive textiles.[15]

Laminated and coated materials

Laminated and coated materials are also used in Automotive sector.[14] Examples are Truck covers (PVC coated PES fabrics)[1] and seat covers made of Alcantara (material).

Use

Cars, and buses have a large use of automotive textiles. A car can consume up to 25 kg of fabric, primarily used for roof coverings and upholstery. Automotive textiles also used in interior trimmings, seats, side panels, carpets, and car trunk coverings, linings, tires, filters, belts, hoses, airbags, etc.[4]

Due to specific performance requirements, different types of fibres are chosen for various sections.

Car section/part Fabric consumption in Square meters[16] Material[3] Properties of fibers Performance expectations from the material used[3]
Airbags 3.5 Nylon coated with silicone or Neoprene from inside. Strong, elastic, tough and stable in terms of shrinkage. Capability of holding air when inflated and should be strong enough to withstand the impact without rupturing.
Door Panels 2.0 Nylon
Upholstery 10.0 Nylon & Polyester Abrasion resistance Strong abrasion resistance to withstand the friction when sliding of objects and the passengers. To retain the shape and smoothness of the seats. Colors should be fast to the sunlight and rubbing to sustain the exposure.
Headliner 4.0-6.0 Composite materials Insulating Aesthetics, softness, insulation
Seat belts 0.5 Polyester
Trunk 4.0-5.0 Nylon Strong, tough and abrasion resistant Strong enough to stand friction, antimicrobial
Parcel shelf 1.0
Pillars 2.0 Nylon
Carpet 4.0 Nylon Strong, tough and abrasion resistant Strong enough to stand with the friction, the material must be tough and resilient.
Total 31.0-34.0

See also

References
  1. Paul, Roshan (2019-02-19). High Performance Technical Textiles. John Wiley & Sons. p. 354. ISBN 978-1-119-32505-5.
  2. Shishoo, Roshan (2008-10-20). Textile Advances in the Automotive Industry. Elsevier. pp. 1–15. ISBN 978-1-84569-504-0.
  3. Collier, Billie J. (2000). Understanding textiles. Internet Archive. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall. pp. 544, 545. ISBN 978-0-13-021951-0.
  4. Ul-Islam, Shahid; Butola, B. S. (2019-11-12). Advanced Functional Textiles and Polymers: Fabrication, Processing and Applications. John Wiley & Sons. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-119-60579-9.
  5. Fung, W.; Hardcastle, J. M. (2001). Textiles in Automotive Engineering. Woodhead Publishing. p. 327. ISBN 978-1-85573-493-7.
  6. Horrocks, A. Richard; Anand, Subhash C. (2016-03-09). Handbook of Technical Textiles: Technical Textile Applications. Woodhead Publishing. pp. 337, 338. ISBN 978-1-78242-488-8.
  7. Paul, Roshan (2019-02-19). High Performance Technical Textiles. John Wiley & Sons. p. 354. ISBN 978-1-119-32505-5.
  8. "Carbon woven fabrics | Compositesplaza". 2018-07-02. Archived from the original on 2018-07-02. Retrieved 2021-06-17. Carbon woven fabrics from Compositesplaza are used in the following applications:Model building, Yachts- and Boats construction, Automotive (car parts), Sporting goods, Orthopedic parts, Aviation parts, industrial Construction, Luxury items and jewellery, Motorsport parts.
  9. Lomov, Stepan V.; Gorbatikh, Larissa; Kotanjac, Željko; Koissin, Vitaly; Houlle, Matthieu; Rochez, Olivier; Karahan, Mehmet; Mezzo, Luca; Verpoest, Ignaas (2011-02-07). "Compressibility of carbon woven fabrics with carbon nanotubes/nanofibres grown on the fibres". Composites Science and Technology. 71 (3): 315–325. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.11.024. ISSN 0266-3538.
  10. US 4327049, Miller, Frederick O., "Method of forming automotive headliners from composite foamed resin blanks", issued 1980-02-14
  11. US 7014259, Heholt, Susan, "Multi-layer composite vehicle headliner substrate with HIC provisions", issued 2004-04-29, assigned to Daimler Chrysler Corp.
  12. Body Engineering. American Society of Body Engineers. 1991. p. 12.
  13. "What is ultrasuede®? | ABOUT ULTRASUEDE® | Ultrasuede® | TORAY". www.ultrasuede.com. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  14. Fung, W. (2002-05-23). Coated and Laminated Textiles. Woodhead Publishing. pp. 194, 43, 393, 121. ISBN 978-1-85573-576-7.
  15. "North America Automotive Fabric Market Forecast to 2027 - COVID-19 Impact and Regional Analysis By Application, Covering Material Type". in.finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  16. Shishoo, Roshan (2008-10-20). Textile Advances in the Automotive Industry. Elsevier. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-84569-504-0.
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