Avá-Canoeiro language

Avá-Canoeiro, known as Avá or Canoe, is a minor Tupi–Guaraní language of the state of Goiás, in Brazil. All speakers are monolingual.[1]

Avá-Canoeiro
Ãwa
Native toBrazil
RegionGoiás
Ethnicity46 (2009)[1]
Native speakers
14 (2006)[1]
Tupian
Language codes
ISO 639-3avv
Glottologavac1239
ELPAvá

Phonology

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i ĩ ɨ ɨ̃ u ũ
Mid e ẽ o õ
Open a ã
Phoneme Allophones
/i/ [i], [ɪ], [j]
/e/ [e], [ɛ], [ɪ]
/ɨ/ [ɨ], [ə]
/a/ [a], [ə]
/u/ [u], [ʊ], [w]
/o/ [o], [ɔ], [ʊ]
/ã/ [ə̃]

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular
plain lab.
Stop p t k kʷ
Affricate tʃ
Fricative ʁ
Nasal m n ŋ
Tap ɾ
Approximant w j
  • Nasals /m, n/ can be heard as voiced plosives [b, d] freely in word-initial positions.[2]
Phoneme Allophones
/p/ [p], [pʰ], [p̚]
/t/ [t], [tʰ], [t̚], [tʃ]
/k/ [k], [kʰ], [k̚], [q]
/tʃ/ [tʃ], [ʃ], [ʒ], [j]
/ʁ/ [ʁ], [ɡ], [ɢ]
/m/ [m], [ᵐb], [b]
/n/ [n], [ⁿd], [d]
/w/ [w], [β], [ɢʷ], [w̃]
/ɾ/ [ɾ], [l], [ɾ̃]
/j/ [j], [ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ], [dʒ], [ʎ], [ɲ], [j̃]

References
  1. Avá-Canoeiro at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Borges, Mônica V. (2006). Aspectos Fonológicos e Morfossintáticos da Língua Avá-Canoeiro (Tupi-Guarani). Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
  • Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Avá-Canoeiro". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.


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