BA-3/6

The BA-3 (Russian: Broneavtomobil 3) was a heavy armored car developed in the Soviet Union in 1933, followed by a slightly changed model BA-6 in 1936. Both were based mostly on BA-I, the most important development being the new turret, same as in the T-26 m 1933 and BT-5 tanks, and also equipped with the 45 mm main gun.

BA-3 and BA-6
Type	Armored car
Place of origin	Soviet Union  Mongolia
Service history
Used by	Soviet Union Second Spanish Republic  Turkey  Finland (captured)
Production history
No. built	221 BA-3 (including 1 BA-3ZhD, 431 BA-6 (including 21 BA-6ZhD)
Specifications
Mass	BA-3: 5.82 t BA-6: 5.10 t
Length	4.65 m (15.3 ft)
Width	2.10 m (6.9 ft)
Height	2.20 m (7.2 ft)
Crew	4
Armor	15 mm turret, 9 mm hull
Main armament	45 mm gun 20-K (60 rounds)
Secondary armament	2×7.62 mm DT
Engine	4-cylinder petrol GAZ-A 40 hp (30 kW)
Power/weight	7-8 hp/tonne
Suspension	wheeled 6x4
Operational range	BA-3: 260 km (160 mi) BA-6: 200 km (120 mi)
Maximum speed	BA-3: 63 km/h (39 mph) BA-6: 55 km/h (34 mph)

221 BA-3 cars were built at the Izhorskij and Vyksunskij factories, until production ended in 1935. BA-6 followed with 386 cars produced between 1936 and 1938 in Izhorskij factory. Most BA-3 production was based on the Ford-Timken chassis, a 6×4 modification of the US Ford AA 4×2 truck, but the last batch was built on the Russian version of the same chassis - GAZ-AAA, and continued to be used in the BA-6. The biggest limitation of the BA-3 was the mobility, limited to roads or very hard ground, the result of unnecessarily[1] large weight. The innovation that slightly improved mobility were the auxiliary ("Overall") tracks that could be fitted onto the rear tandem wheels, converting the car to a half-track.

The BA-3 is externally very similar to the BA-6; the BA-3 had a door in the rear of the hull that was not present in the BA-6.[1] A more important improvement of the BA-6 were the new GK tires, filled with sponge (porous rubber), and thus much less vulnerable to small-caliber fire. On the downside, the tires reduced both the speed and range of the vehicle, despite it having somewhat thinner armor. BA-3/6 cars were superseded by the BA-10 model. All cars of this series were very heavily armed for the era; they could knock out other vehicles with ease, including tanks. However, their thin armor made them vulnerable to heavy machine gun fire and small caliber cannon fire.

A prototype railway BA-3ZhD variant was created in 1936, but was not accepted for production. The BA-6ZhD was produced in limited numbers.

Some 60 BA-6 cars were delivered to Turkey in 1935.[2] The BA-3/6 were used in combat in the Spanish Civil War, against the Japanese in the Battle of Khalkhyn Gol, in the Finnish Winter War, and against the Germans in the early stages of the Eastern Front. The German Army used a few AAC-1937, Spanish-built six-wheeled armored cars that were close copies of the BA-3/6 series. Later in the war, the BA-3/6/10 were replaced in the Red Army's heavy scout vehicle role by light tanks, such as the T-60 and T-70.

A few captured BA-3 cars were used by the Finnish army under the designation BAF A[3] (sometimes also BA-32-1), and captured BA-6 cars under the designation BAF B.