BBCH-scale (canola)

In biology, the BBCH-scale for canola describes the phenological development of canola plants using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of canola are:

Growth stage	Code	Description
0: Germination	00	Dry seed
	01	Beginning of seed imbibition
	03	Seed imbibition complete
	05	Radicle emerged from seed
	07	Hypocotyl with cotyledons emerged from seed
	08	Hypocotyl with cotyledons growing towards soil surface
	09	Emergence: cotyledons emerge through soil surface
1: Leaf development¹
	10	Cotyledons completely unfolded
	11	First leaf unfolded
	12	2 leaves unfolded
	13	3 leaves unfolded
	1 .	Stages continuous till ...
	19	9 or more leaves unfolded
2: Formation of side shoots	20	No side shoots
	21	Beginning of side shoot development: first side shoot detectable
	22	2 side shoots detectable
	23	3 side shoots detectable
	2 .	Stages continuous till ...
	29	End of side shoot development: 9 or more side shoots detectable
3: Stem elongation²	30	Beginning of stem elongation: no internodes (“rosette”)
	31	1 visibly extended internode
	32	2 visibly extended internodes
	33	3 visibly extended internodes
	3 .	Stages continuous till ...
	39	9 or more visibly extended internodes
5: Inflorescence emergence	50	Flower buds present, still enclosed by leaves
	51	Flower buds visible from above (“green bud”)
	52	Flower buds free, level with the youngest leaves
	53	Flower buds raised above the youngest leaves
	55	Individual flower buds (main inflorescence) visible but still closed
	57	Individual flower buds (secondary inflorescences) visible but still closed
	59	First petals visible, flower buds still closed (“yellow bud”)
6: Flowering	60	First flowers open
	61	10% of flowers on main raceme open, main raceme elongating
	62	20% of flowers on main raceme open
	63	30% of flowers on main raceme open
	64	40% of flowers on main raceme open
	65	Full flowering: 50% flowers on main raceme open, older petals falling
	67	Flowering declining: majority of petals fallen
	69	End of flowering
7: Development of fruit	71	10% of pods have reached final size
	72	20% of pods have reached final size
	73	30% of pods have reached final size
	74	40% of pods have reached final size
	75	50% of pods have reached final size
	76	60% of pods have reached final size
	77	70% of pods have reached final size
	78	80% of pods have reached final size
	79	Nearly all pods have reached final size
8: Ripening	80	Beginning of ripening: seed green, filling pod cavity
	81	10% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
	82	20% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
	83	30% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
	84	40% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
	85	50% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
	86	60% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
	87	70% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
	88	80% of pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
	89	Fully ripe: nearly all pods ripe, seeds dark and hard
9: Senescence	97	Plant dead and dry
9: Senescence	99	Harvested product

1 Stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 19; in this case continue with stage 20
2 Visibly extended internode n develops between leaf n and leaf n+1

References

Weber, E.; H. Bleiholder (1990). "Erläuterungen zu den BBCH-Dezimal-Codes für die Entwicklungsstadien von Mais, Raps, Faba-Bohne, Sonnenblume und Erbse - mit Abbildungen". Gesunde Pflanzen. 42: 308–321.

Lancashire, P.D.; H. Bleiholder; P. Langeluddecke; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber; A. Witzen-Berger (1991). "A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds". Ann. Appl. Biol. 119 (3): 561–601. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb04895.x.

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