BBCH-scale (potato)

The BBCH-scale (potato) identifies the phenological development stages of a potato (Solanum tuberosum). It is a plant species-specific version of the BBCH-scale.

Growth stageCodeDescription
2 digit3 digit
0: Sprouting/Germination 00000Innate or enforced dormancy, Dry seed tuber not sprouted
01001Beginning of sprouting: Beginning of sprouts visible (< 1 mm) seed imbibition
02002Sprouts upright (< 2 mm)
03003End of dormancy: sprouts 2–3 mm Seed imbibition complete
05005Beginning of root formation Radicle (root) emerged from seed
07007Beginning of stem formation Hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking
08008Stems growing towards soil surface, Hypocotyl with formation of scale leaves in the axils; cotyledons growing of which stolons will develop later towards soil surface
09009Emergence: stems break through soil surface; cotyledons break through soil surface
021–0291
1: Leaf development 10100From tuber: first leaves begin to extend

From seed: cotyledons completely unfolded

11101First leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm)
12102Second leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm)
13103Third leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm)
1 .10 .Stages continuous till ...
19109Nine or more leaves of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) (2 digit);2

9 leaves of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) (3 digit)

110Tenth leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm)
11 .Stages continuous till ...
119Nineteenth leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm)
121First leaf of second order branch above first inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm)
122Second leaf of second order branch above first inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm)
12 .Stages continuous till ...
131First leaf of third order branch above second inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm)
132Second leaf of third order branch above second inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm)
13 .Stages continuous till ...
1NXXth leaf of nth order branch above (n-1)th inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm)
2: Formation of basal side shoots below and above soil surface (main stem) 21201First basal side shoot visible (> 5 cm)
22202Second basal side shoot visible (> 5 cm)
23203Third basal side shoot visible (> 5 cm)
2 .20 .Stages continuous till ...
29209Nine or more basal side shoots visible (> 5 cm)
3: Main stem elongation (crop cover) 31301Beginning of crop cover: 10% of plants meet between rows
3230220% of plants meet between rows
3330330% of plants meet between rows
3430440% of plants meet between rows
3530550% of plants meet between rows
3630660% of plants meet between rows
3730770% of plants meet between rows
3830880% of plants meet between rows
39309Crop cover complete: about 90% of plants meet between rows
4: Tuber formation 40400Tuber initiation: swelling of first stolon tips to twice the diameter of subtending stolon
4140110% of total final tuber mass reached
4240220% of total final tuber mass reached
4340330% of total final tuber mass reached
4440440% of total final tuber mass reached
4540550% of total final tuber mass reached
4640660% of total final tuber mass reached
4740770% of total final tuber mass reached
48408Maximum of total tuber mass reached, tubers detach easily from stolons, skin set not yet complete (skin easily removable with thumb)
49409Skin set complete: (skin at apical end of tuber not removable with thumb) 95% of tubers in this stage
5: Inflorescence (cyme) emergence 51501First individual buds (1–2 mm) of first inflorescence visible (main stem)
55505Buds of first inflorescence extended to 5 mm
59509First flower petals of first inflorescence visible
521Individual buds of second inflorescence visible (second order branch)
525Buds of second inflorescence extended to 5 mm open (main stem)
529First flower petals of second inflorescence visible above sepals
531Individual buds of third inflorescence visible (third order branch)
535Buds of third inflorescence extended to 5 mm
539First flower petals of third inflorescence visible above sepals
5N .Nth inflorescence emerging
6: Flowering 60600First open flowers in population
61601Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers in the first inflorescence open (main stem)
6260220% of flowers in the first inflorescence open
6360330% of flowers in the first inflorescence open
6460440% of flowers in the first inflorescence open
65605Full flowering: 50% of flowers in the first inflorescence open
6660660% of flowers in the first inflorescence open
6760770% of flowers in the first inflorescence open
6860880% of flowers in the first inflorescence open
69609End of flowering in the first inflorescence
621Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers in the second inflorescence open (second order branch)
625Full flowering: 50% of flowers in the second inflorescence open
629End of flowering in the 2nd inflorescence
631Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers in the third inflorescence open (third order branch)
635Full flowering: 50% of flowers in the third inflorescence open
639End of flowering in the third inflorescence
6N .Nth inflorescence flowering
6N9End of flowering
7: Development of fruit 70700First berries visible
7170110% of berries in the first fructification have reached full size (main stem)
7270220% of berries in the first fructification have reached full size
7370330% of berries in the first fructification have reached full size
7 .70 .Stages continuous till ...
72110% of berries in the second fructification have reached full size (second order branch)
7N .Development of berries in nth fructification
7N9Nearly all berries in the nth fructification have reached full size (or have been shed)
8: Ripening of fruit and seed 81801Berries in the first fructification still green, seed light-coloured (main stem)
85805Berries in the first fructification ochre-coloured or brownish
89809Berries in the first fructification shrivelled, seed dark
821Berries in the second fructification still green, seed light-coloured (second order branch)
8N .Ripening of fruit and seed in nth fructification
9: Senescence 91901Beginning of leaf yellowing
93903Most of the leaves yellowish
9590550% of the leaves brownish
97907Leaves and stem dead, stems bleached and dry
99909Harvested product

1 For second generation sprouts
2 Stem development stops after termination of main stem by an inflorescence. Branches arise from axils of upper leaves of the main stem, exhibiting a sympodial branching pattern

References

  • H. Hack, H. Gall, Th. Klemke, R. Klose, U. Meier, R. Stauss, A. Witzenberger. 2001. The BBCH scale for phenological growth stages of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). U. Meier (Ed.), Growth Stages of Mono and Dicotyledonous Plants, BBCH Monograph, Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry.
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