Escherichia virus T5

Escherichia virus T5, sometimes called Bacteriophage T5 is a caudal virus within the family Demerecviridae. This bacteriophage specifically infects E. coli bacterial cells and follows a lytic life cycle.

Bacteriophage T5 Structural Model at Atomic Resolution[1]
Escherichia virus T5
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Uroviricota
Class: Caudoviricetes
Order: Caudovirales
Family: Demerecviridae
Genus: Tequintavirus
Species:
Escherichia virus T5
Synonyms[2]
  • Enterobacteria phage T5
  • Escherichia phage T5

Structure and genome
Schematic drawing of an Enterobacteria phage T5 virion (cross section and side view)

The T5 virion includes a 90 nanometer icosahedral capsid (head) and a 250 nanometer-long flexible, non-contractile tail.[3]

The capsid contains the phage's 121,750 base pair, double-stranded DNA genome which encodes about 168 proteins (now reduced to 162).[4] The genome has a unique sequence of 111,613 bp with two identical large direct terminal repetitions of 10,139 bp. When the genome sequence was published in 2005, only 61 (36.3%) of the 168 encoded proteins had been assigned functions based on homology to known sequences. More than half of all genes (92 or 54.7%) were predicted ORFs lacking similarity to any known proteins.[5] The number of uncharacterized proteins remains high at about 50% of the genome (based on the latest annotation of the reference proteome in Uniprot, 2021).[4]

Infection

Bacteriophage T5 has been shown to infect E. coli after its receptor binding protein, pb5, binds to the host cell's outer membrane ferrichrome transporter, FhuA. The binding triggers structural changes in pb5 and eventually leads to DNA release from the phage capsid.[6][7]

References
  1. Padilla-Sanchez, Victor (2021-07-10), Bacteriophage T5 Structural Model at Atomic Resolution, doi:10.5281/zenodo.5133813, retrieved 2021-07-24
  2. Krupovic, Mart; et al. (May 2015). "To rename all (522) existing bacterial virus and 2 archaeal virus species" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  3. Effantin G. et al.: Bacteriophage T5 structure reveals similarities with HK97 and T4 suggesting evolutionary relationships. J Mol Biol. (2006) 361, 993–1002, doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.06.081
  4. "Escherichia phage T5 (Enterobacteria phage T5)". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  5. Wang, Jianbin; Jiang, Yan; Vincent, Myriam; Sun, Yongqiao; Yu, Hong; Wang, Jing; Bao, Qiyu; Kong, Huimin; Hu, Songnian (2005-02-05). "Complete genome sequence of bacteriophage T5". Virology. 332 (1): 45–65. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2004.10.049. ISSN 0042-6822. PMID 15661140.
  6. Flayhan, A; Wien, F; Paternostre, M; Boulanger, P; Breyton, C (Sep 2012). "New insights into pb5, the receptor binding protein of bacteriophage T5, and its interaction with its Escherichia coli receptor FhuA". Biochimie. 94 (9): 1982–9. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2012.05.021. PMID 22659573. S2CID 20354844.
  7. Basit, H; Shivaji Sharma, K; Van der Heyden, A; Gondran, C; Breyton, C; Dumy, P; Winnik, FM; Labbé, P (May 11, 2012). "Amphipol mediated surface immobilization of FhuA: a platform for label-free detection of the bacteriophage protein pb5". Chemical Communications. 48 (48): 6037–9. doi:10.1039/c2cc31107k. PMID 22576748. S2CID 19703515.


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